U1 KA3 Gene Expression Flashcards
What are the three types of RNA involved in transcription and translation?
mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries a copy of the DNA code, Transfer RNA (tRNA) brings amino acids, and Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) forms the ribosome.
What is the role of messenger RNA (mRNA)?
Carries a copy of the DNA code from the nucleus to the ribosome
mRNA is essential for conveying genetic information necessary for protein synthesis.
What is the function of transfer RNA (tRNA)?
Carries specific amino acids to the ribosome
tRNA molecules fold due to complementary base pairing.
What forms the ribosome?
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins
The ribosome is the site of protein synthesis.
What is the role of RNA polymerase in transcription?
Transcribes DNA into primary mRNA transcripts
RNA polymerase is crucial for initiating the transcription process.
What happens during RNA splicing?
Introns are removed and exons are joined together
This process forms a mature mRNA transcript from the primary transcript.
What are introns?
Non-coding regions of the primary transcript
Introns are removed during RNA splicing.
What are exons?
Coding regions of the mRNA
Exons are retained and joined together to form the mature mRNA transcript.
What initiates translation?
Start codon on the mature mRNA transcript
Translation begins at the start codon and ends at a stop codon.
How do anticodons bond to codons?
By complementary base pairing
This process is essential for translating the genetic code into amino acids.
What type of bond joins amino acids together?
Peptide bonds
Peptide bonds are crucial for forming polypeptide chains.
What can result from alternative RNA splicing?
Different proteins from one gene
This leads to the production of various mature mRNA transcripts from the same primary transcript.
Fill in the blank: Amino acids are linked by _______ to form polypeptides.
peptide bonds
Peptide bonds are essential for protein synthesis.
What determines the three-dimensional shape of a protein?
Folding of polypeptide chains
The folding is held together by hydrogen bonds and interactions between amino acids.
What determines an organism’s phenotype?
The proteins produced as a result of gene expression
Phenotype is a direct reflection of protein functionality.
True or False: Each tRNA molecule can carry multiple types of amino acids.
False
Each tRNA is specific to one amino acid.
