U2 KA2 Cellular Respiration Flashcards
What is glycolysis?
The breakdown of glucose to pyruvate in the cytoplasm.
What is required during the energy investment phase of glycolysis?
ATP is required for the phosphorylation of glucose and intermediates.
What happens during the energy pay-off phase of glycolysis?
More ATP is generated, resulting in a net gain of ATP.
What happens to pyruvate in aerobic conditions?
It is broken down into an acetyl group, which combines with coenzyme A to form acetyl coenzyme A.
What happens at the start of the citric acid cycle?
The acetyl group from acetyl coenzyme A combines with oxaloacetate to form citrate.
What happens to the CoA enzyme after the acetyl group combines with oxaloacetate?
The CoA enzyme is regenerated
What happens to citrate during the citric acid cycle?
It is gradually converted back into oxaloacetate through a series of enzyme-controlled steps.
What are the products of the citric acid cycle?
ATP is generated and carbon dioxide is released.
Where does the citric acid cycle occur?
In the matrix of the mitochondria.
What is the role of dehydrogenase enzymes?
They remove hydrogen ions and electrons and pass them to NAD, forming NADH.
In which stages do dehydrogenase enzymes function?
Both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
What happens to the hydrogen ions and electrons from NADH?
They are passed to the electron transport chain on the inner mitochondrial membrane.
What to the High energy electrons do in the ETC?
They release energy to the protein pumps of which pump H+ ions through the inner mitochondrial membrane.
What happens to the H+ ions in the ETC?
They flow through ATP synthase and release energy to ATP synthase which converts ADP+Pi into ATP.
What happens to H+ and electrons at the very end of the ETC?
H+ ions and electrons bond with oxygen in the cell to form water.
Oxygen is the final electron acceptor.
