U1AOS3

Question 1

RANDOM ERRORS:

Answer 1

occurs because of a random unpredictable events in the measurement process

Question 2

SYSTEMATIC ERRORS:

Answer 2

refers to errors that impacts on all data and a flaw to DV measures causing constant errors.

Question 3

PERSONAL ERRORS:

Answer 3

errors that are faults from the researcher, aka ‘human errors’

Question 4

TYPES OF ERRORS:

Answer 4

random, systematic, personal

Question 5

ACCURACY?

Answer 5

the accuracy of a measurement relates to how close it is to the ‘true’ value of the quantity being measured

Question 6

PRECISION?

Answer 6

refers to how closely a set of measurement values agree with each other

Question 7

TYPES OF SAMPLING TECHNIQUES?

Answer 7

convenience, stratified and random

Question 8

RANDOM SAMPLING:

Answer 8

a sampling technique that ensures every member of the population of research interest has an equal chance of being selected as part of the sample.
for example: drawing names from a hat

Question 9

STRATIFIED SAMPLING:

Answer 9

researcher dividing sampled groups based on characteristics they share in a way where all sub groups are represented.
for example:

Question 10

CONVENIENCE:

Answer 10

not the very best method of sampling since it can provide a biased sample but it is commonly used.
(asking people to volunteer via news paper article, Selecting people who walk past you in the school yard​, Choosing participants because they are family, friends or classmates.

Question 11

QUALITIATIVE DATA:

Answer 11

information/data that is in the form of descriptions, words, meanings and pictures

Question 12

QUANTATATIVE DATA:

Answer 12

information/data that is expressed numerically

Question 13

OBJECTIVE DATA:

Answer 13

information that is observable, measurable, verifiable and free from the personal bias of the researcher

Question 14

SUBJECTIVE DATA:

Answer 14

information that is based on personal opinion, interpretation, point of view or judgment

Question 15

PRIMARY DATA:

Answer 15

information collected directly from the source by the researcher (or through others) for their own specific purpose. AKA ‘FIRST HAND DATA’

Question 16

SECONDARY DATA:

Answer 16

information that was not collected directly by the current researcher but was collected at an earlier time by someone else

Question 17

EXTRANEOUS VARIABLES:

Answer 17

a variable other than the independent variable (IV) that may influence the dependent variable (DV) and impact the results of an experiment

Question 18

SITUATIONAL VARIABLE:

Answer 18

aspects of the environment that might affect the participants behaviour, e.g. temp., lighting

Question 19

PARTICIPANT VARIABLE:

Answer 19

individual characteristics, which can effect results, e.g. mood, mental health levels, concentration levels

Question 20

EXPERIMENTer VARIABLES:

Answer 20

when the experimenter unintentionally affects how participants should behave, e.g., age, gender, mannerisms

Question 21

WHAT TYPE OF EVS ARE THERE?

Answer 21

situational, participant, experimental, demand characteristics

Question 22

MIXED SUBJECT DESIGN:

Answer 22

a design that combines features of both a between subjects design and a within subjects design

Question 23

BETWEEN SUBJECT DESIGN:

Answer 23

different groups of participants are randomly assigned to experimental conditions or to control conditions

Question 24

WITHIN SUBJECT DESIGN:

Answer 24

EACH PARTICIPANTS ARE IN BOTH THE EXPERIMENTAL GROUP AND CONTROL GROUP, EACH GROUP COMPLETE BOTH THE CONTROL AND EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS. THEN WE SEE IF THE IV HAD EFFECT ON DV.

Question 25

EXTERNAL VALIDITY:

Answer 25

the extent to which the results of a study can be generalised to other situations and to other people

Question 26

INTERNAL VALIDITY:

Answer 26

the extent to which the results from a study are actually due to the variables being tested (and not due to EVs)

Question 27

REPEATABILITY:

Answer 27

the degree to which a research investigation obtains similar results when it is conducted again under the same conditions on all occasions

Question 28

REPRODUCABILITY:

Answer 28

how close the results are to each other when an investigation is replicated under changed conditions