DEFINING AND SUPPORTING PSYCHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT Flashcards
DEFINE TYPICAL BEHAVIOUR
Typical behavior is behavior that usually typically occurs and expected in a given situation.
DEFINE ATYPICAL BEHAVIOR
Atypical behavior is behavior that is not typical - it is uncommon and not what most people will do in a situation.
SOCIAL NORMS:
Held standards on what people should and should not do in given situations
e.g. greeting upon meeting
CULTURAL PERSPECTIVES:
Each culture and ethic group within that culture has their own set of norms on what is considered accepted behavior.
e.g. Women wearing a certain colour (white)
STATISTICAL RARITY:
Statistics of behaviors in a large group of individuals which are measured and plotted (bell shaped pattern). Typical and atypical behavior can be determined with the statistics on how rare they occur.
e.g. IQ LEVELS
PERSONAL DISTRESS
When a person is distressed, they are extremely upset and suffering emotionally
e.g. losing sleep
MALADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR:
Any behavior which is detrimental, or interferes with the individuals ability to successfully adapt.
e.g. self isolation
WHAT ARE THE 5 PERSPECTIVES ON TYPICAL AND ATYPICAL BEHAVIORS?
social norms, cultural perspective, statistical rarity, personal distress and maladaptive behavior
NEUROTYPICALLY:
Neurotypically is used to describe people whose neurological development and cognitive functions are typical (what most people will consider normal in the general population).
NEURODIVERSITY:
Neurodiversity is to describe people whose neurological development and cognitive functions are atypical (therefore different from normal in most of the general population)
WHAT IS AUTISM?
A serious developmental disorder that impairs the ability to communicate and interact.
ASSESSMENTS:
Collecting and interpreting information on how a person thinks, feels and behaves in order to make a diagnosis.
INTERVIEW:
Involves questions asked by the researcher by obtaining specific information.
STRENGTH AND LIMITATIONS OF INTERVIEW:
Limitations: develop stereotypes
Strengths: Boost knowledge
STEPS OF ASSESSMENTS:
- Interview
- Behavioral observations
- Testing
THE 2 DIAGNOSIS BEHAVIOR APPROACHES:
categorical and dimensional
LABELLING:
used in mental health to describe the process of classifying an individual according to a specific diagnosis category.
WHAT IS STIGMA?
stigma is a sign of social disapproval which leads to shame due to your mental illness
TYPES OF STIGMAS?
social stigma and self stigma
OPINION?
Point of view that is not based on verifiable evidence
ANECDOTE?
informal verbal report of an event that has been casually observed
DRAWING CONCLUSIONS? (HOW TO WRITE)
In conclusion, for this sample it was found that ….
GENERALISATIONS?
is how widely the results of an investigation can be applied to other members of the population
HOW TO WRITE A GENERALISATION?
To generalise these findings, it could be suggested that
CORRELATIONAL STUDIES?
type of non-experimental research where the researcher investigates the relo between two variables, they overserve the variables that usually occur.
STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS OF CORRELATIONAL STUDIES?
limitation:
strength: excellent for investigating the relationship between two variables
QUESTIONNAIRES?
written set of questions to gain information from participants on a topic of research interest
STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS OF QUESTIONNAIRES?
strength: relatively cheap and quick way to gather information
limitation: limited depth of response
SELF-REPORTS?
participants answers to questions presented by the researcher
OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES?
involves collection of data by carefully watching and recording behavior as it occurs (without an intervention or manipulation of the behavior being observed)
STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS FOR OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES?
strength: no need of manipulation or intervention
limitation: observer bias
CASE STUDIES?
in-depth investigation of some behavior of interest in a individual or group situation.
STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS OF CASE STUDIES?
strength: provides insights on how others think
limitation: small sample size
SIMUATION STUDIES?
involve reproducing situations in a realistic way to investigate the behavior or mental process of individuals in that environment.
STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS OF SIMUATION STUDIES?
strength: can be used when an investigation is not ethically permissible
limitation: its artificial
CONTROLLED EXPERIMENTS:
experimental investigation of the relationship between one or more IV’s and DV.
STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS OF CONTROLLED EXPERIMENTS?
strength: ensure no errors or extraneous variables
limitation: might ack external validity
NORMALITY:
a number of psychological and behavioral characters that have been suggested to help recognise normality
STRENGTHS OF CLASSIFYING BEHAVIOUR?
categorical?
- uses specific descriptions to either answer yes or no
dimensional?
- can assess severity more accurately
WEAKNESSES OF CLASSIFYING BEHAVIORS?
categorical?
-it is too simplified
dimensional?
- subjective
ONE DIFFERENCE AND SIMILARITY BETWEEN DIMENSIONAL AND CATEGORICAL
diff: categorical represent qualitative data, dimensional represents quantitative data
sim: both can influence dependant variable
