NEURONS

Question 1

NEURON?

Answer 1

• an individual nerve cell
• NS is comprised of neurons organized into complex chains and networks
• carry information in the form of action potential to the NS to interpret and respond

Question 2

DENDRITE?

Answer 2

• a dendrite is a thin extension of the neuron that receives information from other neurons and transmits to the soma.

Question 3

SOMA?

Answer 3

• cell body
• combines information received from the many dendrites and sends it to the axon

Question 4

AXON?

Answer 4

• tubelike extension that transmits neural information away from the soma to other neurons or cells.

Question 5

AXON TERMINAL?

Answer 5

• small branch at the end of the axon
• carries its message to other neurons or cells.

Question 6

MYELIN (MYELIN SHEATH)?

Answer 6

• white, fatty substance that coats and helps insulate the axon
• allows the electrical impulses to transmit quickly and efficiently.

Question 7

SYNAPSE:

Answer 7

• neurons never touch - there is a tiny gap between the terminal and dendrite (called synaptic gap)
• synaptic gap is where communications occur

Question 8

HINDBRAIN?

Answer 8

• located at the back of the brain
• includes cerebellum
• controls various motor functions and autonomic responses
  e.g. heart rate and breathing

Question 9

CEREBELLUM?

Answer 9

• cauliflower shaped structure located at the base of the brain
• second largest part of the brain
• coordinates muscle movements and regulates posture and balance
  e.g. rapid skills such as speaking

Question 10

DAMAGES TO CEREBELLUM?

Answer 10

• makes it difficult to coordinate muscle control for activities such as walking, throwing a ball etc

Question 11

MIDBRAIN?

Answer 11

Central part of the brain
The midbrain receives a large amount of information
from the eyes and ears and processes this to help
produce orienting movements

Question 12

FOREBRAIN?

Answer 12

• largest and most prominent part of the brain
• includes, amygdala, hippocampus, basal ganglia, neocortex and cerebrum
• regulates, learning memory and perception

Question 13

BASAL GANGLIA?

Answer 13

• long-term memories involving motor skills that are voluntary

Question 14

DAMAGES TO BASAL GANGLIA?

Answer 14

poor posture, difficulty standing and walking

Question 15

HIPPOCAMPUS?

Answer 15

• located in temporal lobe
• heavily involved in forming or encoding memories

Question 16

DAMAGES TO HIPPOCAMPUS?

Answer 16

• loss of range of memories
  e.g. language, navigation abilities

Question 17

AMYGDALA?

Answer 17

• located in temporal lobe
• allows to sense danger (activating flight-fight response)

Question 18

CEREBRUM?

Answer 18

• located above/infront of cerebellum
• responsible for almost everything we think, do and feel
• divided into two hemispheres

Question 19

NEOCORTEX?

Answer 19

• outer surface of the brain
• divided into two hemisphere (each hemisphere having four lobes and plays a role in memory)
• responsible for learning, problem solving etc

Question 20

SPINAL REFLEX

Answer 20

A spinal reflex is an unconscious, involuntary and automatically response to certain stimuli without any involvement of the brain.

Question 21

Conscious Response

Answer 21

A conscious response to a sensory stimulus is a reaction that involves awareness. You will have paid attention to the stimulus and therefore know about it.

Question 22

Unconscious Response

Answer 22

An unconscious response to a sensory stimulus is a reaction that does not involve awareness.