Typical development: newborns to 4 months Flashcards
1
Q
Development is an interaction of what three main factors
A
- genetic predisposition
- person’s individual role in development (how/when are they exposed to things)
- environmental factors such as family, community, sociocultural influences
2
Q
Culture and its relation to milestones
A
- culture is one of the many varibales known to affect motor development
- in certain cultures there are milestones that happen earlier or later based on when parents are expected to have them do that milestone
- potty training for example
3
Q
Development milestones occur…
A
- generally in sequence
- can appear and disappear but generally move in an upward direction
- posture is the most fundamental of motor actions
4
Q
infant changes behavior and movement from what to waht
A
- non goal oriented movements to goal and accurately directed movements
5
Q
Functional movement and development of cognition and perception
A
- movement helps develop cognition and perception
- cognition helps develop functional movements
- lack of functional movement results in functional limitations/activity limitations
6
Q
Motor development (describe)
- relation to other systems
- what may effect/predict motor behaviors
A
- intertwined with development of other systems within the person and their environment
- may take a unique developmental pathway toward attainment of major motor milestones
- experience is a stronger predictor of motor behaviors than age in the emergence of both crawling and walking
7
Q
Neonate
A
- newborns 1-4 weeks old full term
- are in physiological flexion: limited hip, knee extension
- random movements are uncoordinated, jerky, and non purposeful
8
Q
Supported sitting in neonates
A
- flexion and abduction (legs)
- generalized trunk flexion
- arms held close to body
- head bobbing, head lag with pull to sit
- they now are dealing with gravity
9
Q
Supporting standing in neonates
A
- extensor tone
- automatic stepping
10
Q
Primitive reflexes
A
- are present at birth and happen automatically in response to stimuli in the baby
- present in utero as well
- are necessary for proper growth and development
11
Q
Neonate reflexes for survival
A
- rooting: when you stroke their lip they will follow your finger - helps them find their food source
- sucking/swallowing: have to do with nursing and getting food
12
Q
Neonates spinal reflexes
A
- moro
- when their head falls back/they are lowered onto their back they extend their arms out - palmar and plantar grasp
- pressure on their toes/palms of hands cause them to clench and grasp - traction response
- puling limbs toward themselves to protect themselves when people pick them up by their arms - flexor withdrawal
- when stimulating feet or hands they will width drawal into a flexed position - spinal galant
- prepares the baby for walking and crawling
- in newborns, softly stroking just the side of the spine on the lower back initiates a side flexion in the baby and the child’s hip to raise toward touch
- develops coordination/proprioception
13
Q
Develop of subsystems: skeletal in neonates
A
- skeletal system
- all systems are tied together in development
- head and trunk large in proportion to extremities with COM at xiphoid process
- spinal lacks curves = c-shaped
- growing bone is less dense and more porous than adults making it more sensitive to compressive and tensile forces
14
Q
Sensory system and development: (neonates)
1. tactile
2. vision
3. hearing
4. vestibular
A
- first sensory system to develop, fully myelinated at birth
- newborn acuity is 20/150, accommodation 19 cm; can see contrast, track very briefly, pupils react to light, know who their parents are
- acoustic nerve is not myelinated yet, will respond to loud noise by blinking, changing breathing pattern, startle response, noises can bother them
- vestibular: fully myelinated and functional birth
15
Q
MORO reflex
A
- should be inhibited by 4 months of post-natal life to be replaced by an adult startle reflex
- if it does not go away there could be a neuro involvement
