Motor control of jumping and running: Flashcards
1
Q
Phases of jumping
A
- braking phase
- propulsive phase
- landing phase
2
Q
braking phase of jumping
A
- stored elastic energy
- affected by speed, time, delay, range
- eccentric phase
- hip and knee extensors, plantarflexors, pronators
3
Q
propulsive phase of jumping
A
- muscle action to move body vertically
- concentric phase
- hip and knee extensors, ankle plantarflexors, supinators
4
Q
Landing phase of jumping
A
- involves preparatory muscle action
- pre-landing muscle activity important for impact absorption
- needs to vary with constraints of task (height, surface, landing technique)
5
Q
Unexpected drop
A
- two bursts of muscle activity (vestibular and visual imput
- EMG relatively constand
- prepared/knowing conditions EMG will change from not knowing conditions
6
Q
Self-initiated drop
A
- single burst of pre-landing activity
- EMG amplitude varies with heigth
- prepared/knowing conditions EMG will change from not knowing conditions
7
Q
Pre-landing preparation of alignment
A
- little adjustment appears to occur
- default extension posture (flexion could be more unstable)
- ankle ROM may be modified by experience jumpers, depending on stiffness of surface
8
Q
learning to jump
A
- we appear to develop a sensorimotor memory of jumping
- involves vision, vestibular, and proprioceptive input
- vision appears most important in early learning
9
Q
Ankle sprains result from
A
- inability to resist forces placed on the ankle
10
Q
Forces that cause ankle sprains
A
- inversion/plantarflexion force
- inversion force
- dorsiflexion/inversion force
11
Q
How to improve motor control after ankle sprains
A
- stability
- static postural control
- strengthen
- orthosis
- dynamic postural control (controlled mobility)
12
Q
Dynamic postural control to improve motor control after an ankle sprain
A
- Single leg toe raise
- squat
- proprioceptive training
- closed chain activities
- static/dynamic surface
- static/dynamic patient
13
Q
Improving motor control after ankle sprain: skill
A
- open chain activities
- open - closed chain activities
- running
- jumping
- plyometrics/jump training
14
Q
Knee injury tests
A
- drop jump test
- triple hop stability test
- single leg squat test
15
Q
Running assumptions in sucess
A
- stable in stable environment: without static postural control you cannot run
- dynamic postural control: running is more dynamic than walking
