Typical Development 4 months to 12 months Flashcards
1
Q
Stage one sitting
A
- 3-4 months
- propped on extended arms
- sill needs helps for balance
- active head control present with improving trunk extension
- upper and Lower extremities beginning to move away from body for function
- wide BOS with use of hands
- no head lag
2
Q
Three to four months: standing
A
- stands easily with upper trunk or extremities held
- cannot hold at the pelvis
- do not hold by hands will/will hold hands in standing position?
3
Q
Three to four months: Vision
A
- tracks with eye and head movement (go as a unit)
- notices hands
- beginning to perceive color nearly normal accommodation
4
Q
three to four months: hearing
A
- localizes sound left vs right (where the sound it from)
- calms to sound of familiar voice
- Guttural sounds for own pleasure
5
Q
Three to four months: social
A
- anticipates routine –sleep/feeding patterns
- responds with obvious pleasure to friendly handling
6
Q
rolling: 3 months
A
- begins to roll back to/from front more incidentally than purposefully
7
Q
rolling: 4-6 months
A
- intentional rolling with immature movement patterns
- this may correspond with the beginning of separation/individual stages of psychological development
- some are controlled by reflexes
8
Q
Rolling: 6-8 months
A
- mature segmental pattern of rolling with intention and purpose
- not experiment with movement
9
Q
Stage 2 sitting
A
- 5 months old
- can sit without arm support for 1 minute if placed –cannot transition into this position yet (must be placed)
- back fairly straight now, starting to weight shift – minimal
- balance losses but improving
- hip extensors becoming active, variety of LE positions seen (one leg may be extended)
10
Q
When does head on body and Body on body righting begin
A
- 2-6 months
- head on body
- body on body righting
- turn head and body follows
- head righting comes first
- or hip and legs move and then the trunk moves
11
Q
around 5 months:
- supine
- prone
- sitting
- standing
A
- rolls supine to prone
- takes weight on legs standing with support
- reaches for toys (prone)
- supine - reaches for feet
- supine transfers object hand to hand
- brings legs up – flexion in gravity
12
Q
STNR
A
- Start to see around 6-9 months
- often called the calling reflex
- disappears – approx 9-12 months old
- dilated by head movement
- head flexes and arms follow legs extended
- sitting can be a problem
13
Q
Protective Extension
A
- forward 5-6 months
- sideways 7-8 months
- backwards 9-10 months
- stays through adulthood
14
Q
What occurs during the 5-7 month period
A
- component skills now present, practice begins
- control of asymmetrical movement developing
- balance of flexion and extension
15
Q
5-7 months motor behavior in supine
A
- flexion control, will raise head, lift pelvis with hip flexion to explore feet
- rolling to side and often to prone
- eye-hand-mouth coordination
- direct and accurate reach for objects
- reciprocal kicking of legs
16
Q
5-7 months motor behavior in prone
A
- prone on hands with open palms weight shifting and reaching pivot
- latissimus lengthening to allow for more scapulohumeral dissociation
- rolling: prone to supine first – starts with log roll and develops segmentally later
- may commando crawl
- may open hands
17
Q
5-7 months: speech
A
- uses singsong vowel sounds repetitive
18
Q
5-7 months: sensory (vision)
A
- vision: learning texture, distance etc
- regards toy before reaching, improved depth perception and visual discrimination
19
Q
5-7 months: hearing
A
- localizes sound in any direction, learning to block out background noise, auditory discrimination
20
Q
stage 3 sitting
A
- sitting 6-7 months
- independent sitting
- extended periods of time
- reach overhead
- transition to prone beginning
- rotating w/o falling
21
Q
7-10: sitting
A
- now independent
- reaches across midline with trunk rotation
- starting to self-feed, develop different grasps, fine motor skill acquisition – developing all grasps
- get into and out of this position through quadruped (development sequence)
- weight shifting outside BOS independently
22
Q
7-10 months: motor behavior supine
A
- rolls actively supine to/from prone, hates supine (like to be upright)
23
Q
7-10 months: motor behavior prone
A
- pushes into quadruped rocks
- reaches onto surface from quadruped, pulls to stand with bearing on upper trunk – able to pull up using ams
- go into 1/2 kneel after a while
24
Q
7-10 months: Standing
A
- pulls to stand at surface will fall backward into sitting without control
- hands used for stability only, no fine motor activity
- may start to cruise
25
Q
7-10 months:
- quadruped
- movement phase
A
- quadruped creeping, heel sitting, W-sitting, side sitting, climbing
- trying to crawl, practicing/developing dissociation and coordination
- movement phase: environment exploration, will not stay in one position for long, constantly transitioning
- may start to cruse which is walking while holding onto a surface like chair
26
Q
what sitting positions can cause problems in kids
A
- W-sit: if they have neuromuscular problems = hip issues
- heel sit:
27
Q
Standing at 7-12 months
A
takes weight and will takes steps if hands are held
28
Q
7-12 months
- crawling
- standing
A
- crawling/develop freedom
- standing: takes weight, will take steps if hands are held and will bounce (their are more secure and will lift their feet up)
- cruises: walking with a surface
29
Q
7-12 months: vision/fine motor
A
- reaches for toy with one hand
- releases toy by dropping – not just putting it down
- object permanence: looks after objects even if they are moved out of view
30
Q
7-12 months: hearing/speech
A
- understands No, bye-bye, long, repetitive babbling
31
Q
7-12 months: social
A
- plays peek-a-boo, claps hands, can distinguish strangers from familiar people
- develop interactions with people through peek-a-boo
32
Q
11-12 months: motor behavior supine
A
- rolls to sidelying and pushes up into sitting
33
Q
11-12 months: motor behavior sitting
A
- varies leg positions uses this as transitional position
- develops fine motor skills during seated play
- beginning to develop backward protective extension
34
Q
11-12 months: quadruped
A
- good reciprocal creeping
- sometimes bears walks (precursor to walking)
- can play in kneeling
35
Q
11-12 months: standing
A
- can separate LE–UE and 1/2 kneel to get out
- can descend from standing with improved control, sometimes through 1/2 kneel
- may stand or walk alone, arms in high guard, poor balance
- trunk righting in standing begins to develop mature by around 21 months
36
Q
11-12 months: vision/fine motor
A
- neat pincer grasp for self-feeding
- points at desired objects
- looks in correct place for toy that has moved out of sight
37
Q
11-12 months: hearing/speech
A
- recognizes own name and simple commands, conversational babbling
38
Q
pincer grasp developing stages
A
- 7 months: just developing
- 8 months: thumb is really lateral
- 9 months: start to touch the index finger but still slightly lateral
- 10 months: pick up cheerios with using tip of index
39
Q
Palmar grasp
A
- bringing the fingers in toward the palm
- allowing babies to curl their fingers around an object
40
Q
raking grasp
A
- using the fingers other than the thumb like a rake, curling the top of the fingers over the object to bring items toward them
- 5 month
41
Q
inferior pincers grasp
A
using the pads of the the thumbs and index finger to pick up and hold objects this precursor to the pincer grasp usually takes place between 7-8 months of age
- 9 month
42
Q
a true pincer grasp
A
is when a child uses the tips of their fingers to pick up objects
- this is also called a superior or neat pincer grasp
- want to see this by 10 months
43
Q
11-12 months early walking
A
- UE/LE in flexion abduction and external rotation
- tend to have a wide BOS with abduction
- COM at lower thoracic level
- anterior pelvic tilt with wide BOS
- foot strikes either flat or in slight plantar flexion, hind foot pronated
- rapid cadence, short step length (keep balance)
44
Q
Practice walking
A
- infants practice walking
- 12-19 months old infants average 2368 steps and fall approximately 17 times
- distributed practice was better than massed practice
- variable practice – flexibility and boarder transfer vs blocked
45
Q
11-12 months: early walking EMG & activation of muscles
A
- muscular recruitment for standing balance strategies similar to those of adults
- COM is higher in babies
- difference in babies is frequent co-activation of quads, hamstrings, gastroc, anterior tib.
- gastroc/ant tibialis during swing
- quads/hamstrings during stance
- possible due to decreased strength of muscle in antigravity position
- learning to control each group
46
Q
11-12 months: skeletal system development
A
- lumbar lordosis develops w/ standing –some hyperlordosis that will go away
- weight bearing deepens acetabulum, muscular attachments pull and reshape bones through Wolff’s law (strengthens bones when stressed)
- more round acetabulum = reduced dislocation
