Typical Development 4 months to 12 months Flashcards
1
Q
Stage one sitting
A
- 3-4 months
- propped on extended arms
- sill needs helps for balance
- active head control present with improving trunk extension
- upper and Lower extremities beginning to move away from body for function
- wide BOS with use of hands
- no head lag
2
Q
Three to four months: standing
A
- stands easily with upper trunk or extremities held
- cannot hold at the pelvis
- do not hold by hands will/will hold hands in standing position?
3
Q
Three to four months: Vision
A
- tracks with eye and head movement (go as a unit)
- notices hands
- beginning to perceive color nearly normal accommodation
4
Q
three to four months: hearing
A
- localizes sound left vs right (where the sound it from)
- calms to sound of familiar voice
- Guttural sounds for own pleasure
5
Q
Three to four months: social
A
- anticipates routine –sleep/feeding patterns
- responds with obvious pleasure to friendly handling
6
Q
rolling: 3 months
A
- begins to roll back to/from front more incidentally than purposefully
7
Q
rolling: 4-6 months
A
- intentional rolling with immature movement patterns
- this may correspond with the beginning of separation/individual stages of psychological development
- some are controlled by reflexes
8
Q
Rolling: 6-8 months
A
- mature segmental pattern of rolling with intention and purpose
- not experiment with movement
9
Q
Stage 2 sitting
A
- 5 months old
- can sit without arm support for 1 minute if placed –cannot transition into this position yet (must be placed)
- back fairly straight now, starting to weight shift – minimal
- balance losses but improving
- hip extensors becoming active, variety of LE positions seen (one leg may be extended)
10
Q
When does head on body and Body on body righting begin
A
- 2-6 months
- head on body
- body on body righting
- turn head and body follows
- head righting comes first
- or hip and legs move and then the trunk moves
11
Q
around 5 months:
- supine
- prone
- sitting
- standing
A
- rolls supine to prone
- takes weight on legs standing with support
- reaches for toys (prone)
- supine - reaches for feet
- supine transfers object hand to hand
- brings legs up – flexion in gravity
12
Q
STNR
A
- Start to see around 6-9 months
- often called the calling reflex
- disappears – approx 9-12 months old
- dilated by head movement
- head flexes and arms follow legs extended
- sitting can be a problem
13
Q
Protective Extension
A
- forward 5-6 months
- sideways 7-8 months
- backwards 9-10 months
- stays through adulthood
14
Q
What occurs during the 5-7 month period
A
- component skills now present, practice begins
- control of asymmetrical movement developing
- balance of flexion and extension
15
Q
5-7 months motor behavior in supine
A
- flexion control, will raise head, lift pelvis with hip flexion to explore feet
- rolling to side and often to prone
- eye-hand-mouth coordination
- direct and accurate reach for objects
- reciprocal kicking of legs
16
Q
5-7 months motor behavior in prone
A
- prone on hands with open palms weight shifting and reaching pivot
- latissimus lengthening to allow for more scapulohumeral dissociation
- rolling: prone to supine first – starts with log roll and develops segmentally later
- may commando crawl
- may open hands
17
Q
5-7 months: speech
A
- uses singsong vowel sounds repetitive
18
Q
5-7 months: sensory (vision)
A
- vision: learning texture, distance etc
- regards toy before reaching, improved depth perception and visual discrimination
19
Q
5-7 months: hearing
A
- localizes sound in any direction, learning to block out background noise, auditory discrimination
20
Q
stage 3 sitting
A
- sitting 6-7 months
- independent sitting
- extended periods of time
- reach overhead
- transition to prone beginning
- rotating w/o falling
21
Q
7-10: sitting
A
- now independent
- reaches across midline with trunk rotation
- starting to self-feed, develop different grasps, fine motor skill acquisition – developing all grasps
- get into and out of this position through quadruped (development sequence)
- weight shifting outside BOS independently
22
Q
7-10 months: motor behavior supine
A
- rolls actively supine to/from prone, hates supine (like to be upright)
23
Q
7-10 months: motor behavior prone
A
- pushes into quadruped rocks
- reaches onto surface from quadruped, pulls to stand with bearing on upper trunk – able to pull up using ams
- go into 1/2 kneel after a while
24
Q
7-10 months: Standing
A
- pulls to stand at surface will fall backward into sitting without control
- hands used for stability only, no fine motor activity
- may start to cruise
25
7-10 months:
- quadruped
- movement phase
- quadruped creeping, heel sitting, W-sitting, side sitting, climbing
- trying to crawl, practicing/developing dissociation and coordination
- movement phase: environment exploration, will not stay in one position for long, constantly transitioning
- may start to cruse which is walking while holding onto a surface like chair
26
what sitting positions can cause problems in kids
- W-sit: if they have neuromuscular problems = hip issues
- heel sit:
27
Standing at 7-12 months
takes weight and will takes steps if hands are held
28
7-12 months
- crawling
- standing
- crawling/develop freedom
- standing: takes weight, will take steps if hands are held and will bounce (their are more secure and will lift their feet up)
- cruises: walking with a surface
29
7-12 months: vision/fine motor
- reaches for toy with one hand
- releases toy by dropping – not just putting it down
- object permanence: looks after objects even if they are moved out of view
30
7-12 months: hearing/speech
- understands No, bye-bye, long, repetitive babbling
31
7-12 months: social
- plays peek-a-boo, claps hands, can distinguish strangers from familiar people
- develop interactions with people through peek-a-boo
32
11-12 months: motor behavior supine
- rolls to sidelying and pushes up into sitting
33
11-12 months: motor behavior sitting
- varies leg positions uses this as transitional position
- develops fine motor skills during seated play
- beginning to develop backward protective extension
34
11-12 months: quadruped
- good reciprocal creeping
- sometimes bears walks (precursor to walking)
- can play in kneeling
35
11-12 months: standing
- can separate LE–UE and 1/2 kneel to get out
- can descend from standing with improved control, sometimes through 1/2 kneel
- may stand or walk alone, arms in high guard, poor balance
- trunk righting in standing begins to develop mature by around 21 months
36
11-12 months: vision/fine motor
- neat pincer grasp for self-feeding
- points at desired objects
- looks in correct place for toy that has moved out of sight
37
11-12 months: hearing/speech
- recognizes own name and simple commands, conversational babbling
38
pincer grasp developing stages
- 7 months: just developing
- 8 months: thumb is really lateral
- 9 months: start to touch the index finger but still slightly lateral
- 10 months: pick up cheerios with using tip of index
39
Palmar grasp
- bringing the fingers in toward the palm
- allowing babies to curl their fingers around an object
40
raking grasp
- using the fingers other than the thumb like a rake, curling the top of the fingers over the object to bring items toward them
- 5 month
41
inferior pincers grasp
using the pads of the the thumbs and index finger to pick up and hold objects this precursor to the pincer grasp usually takes place between 7-8 months of age
- 9 month
42
a true pincer grasp
is when a child uses the tips of their fingers to pick up objects
- this is also called a superior or neat pincer grasp
- want to see this by 10 months
43
11-12 months early walking
- UE/LE in flexion abduction and external rotation
- tend to have a wide BOS with abduction
- COM at lower thoracic level
- anterior pelvic tilt with wide BOS
- foot strikes either flat or in slight plantar flexion, hind foot pronated
- rapid cadence, short step length (keep balance)
44
Practice walking
- infants practice walking
- 12-19 months old infants average 2368 steps and fall approximately 17 times
- distributed practice was better than massed practice
- variable practice – flexibility and boarder transfer vs blocked
45
11-12 months: early walking EMG & activation of muscles
- muscular recruitment for standing balance strategies similar to those of adults
- COM is higher in babies
- difference in babies is frequent co-activation of quads, hamstrings, gastroc, anterior tib.
- gastroc/ant tibialis during swing
- quads/hamstrings during stance
- possible due to decreased strength of muscle in antigravity position
- learning to control each group
46
11-12 months: skeletal system development
- lumbar lordosis develops w/ standing – some hyperlordosis that will go away
- weight bearing deepens acetabulum, muscular attachments pull and reshape bones through Wolff's law (strengthens bones when stressed)
- more round acetabulum = reduced dislocation
