Motor Behavior from Neonate-5 years Flashcards
Neonate
Supported sitting:
- flexion/abduction in their legs
- Generalized trunk flexion
- Arms held close to body
- Head bobbing, head lag with pull to sit
Supported standing:
- Extensor tone
- And automatic stepping reflex
1 month- supine
- physiological flexion is beginning to decrease
- Will gaze at overhead mobile or caregivers face during feeding
1 Month: Prone
- active neck extension
1 month: supported sit
pull to sit shows some control at beginning range
2 months: supine
Head rotation increased
Body is more contact with surface
Random swiping at objects
2 months: prone
- head elevation to nearly 45 degrees
- pectoral muscles are more active as baby pushes into the ground
2 months supported sit
- Decreased head lag with pull to sit,
- beginning to hold head up when trunk is supported
3 months old: supine
- UE/LE lifting and reaching, overshoots objects
- Gather in midline (holding a bottle)
- Active kicking
- Some finger to mouth play
3 months old: general
- flexion and extension balance occurring
- Integration of some early reflexes - decrease in frequency with greater variety of movement patterns
- Movement becoming more purposeful: swiping and reach; better idea of distance
- Abdominals are more active
3 months: prone
- Developing antigravity control → more extension to get ready to crawl
- Active propping on forearms
- Weight shifting with improved control
Sitting at 3 months
- stage 1 sitting
- Propped on extended arms (BOS)
- Still needs help for balance
- Active head control present with improving
- trunk extension – little to no head lag
- UE/LE beginning to move away from body for function
3 months standing
stands easily with upper trunk and extremities held
- cannot hold pelvis
3 months: rolling
- starts to roll from back to side accidentally
- begins to roll prone to supine accidentally
- more accidental rolling than purposeful
4 months: supine
Refer to 3 months
Rolls supine to prone
Reaches for feet
Transfers objects from hand to hand
4 months: prone
Refer to 3 months
Starts reaching for toys
4 months: sitting
Stage 1
4 months standing
- refer to 3 months
- takes weight on legs while standing with support
4 months rolling
- rolling becomes more intentional
- rolls supine to prone
- rolls intentionally with immature movement patterns
5 months old supine
- Direct and accurate reach for objects
- eye-hand- mouth coordination
- Reciprocal kicking of the legs
- Flexor control – raise head and lift pelvis with hip extension
5 months prone
- hands are open with palms
- weight shifting, reaching and pivoting
- lats are lengthening
- commando crawl
5 months sitting
- stage 2
- can sit for 1 minute with arm support if placed
- back is straighter
- starts to weight shift with balances losss
- hip extensors are more active allowing for variety of LE positions
5 months: rolling
intentional rolling with immature movement patterns
- log rolls
5 months: fine motor
- rake grasp develops
6 months: supine
- flexion control: raises head or pelvis to explore feet
- eye-hand-mouth coordination
- direct and accurate reach for objects
- reciprocal kicking of legs
6 months: sitting
- stage 3 sitting
- sits for extended periods of time
- reaches overhead
- transitions to prone begins
- independent sitting
6 months rolling
- begins to see more mature segmental patterns of rolling with intent
7 months: supine:
- rolls actively to and from prone
- does not like supine
7 months: prone
- pushes into quadruped
- reaches onto surface from quadruped
- pulls to stand with bearing on upper trunk
- may begin to crawl
7 months sitting
- Stage 3 sitting
- Reaches across midline with trunk rotation
- Starts self feeding
- Gets into/out of sitting through quadruped
- Weight shifting outside BOS independently
7 months: rolling
- Beginning to see more mature segmental pattern of rolling with intention and purpose
- Rolls from back to sidelying to push up into sitting
7 months: standing
- Pulls to stand at surface will fall backward without control
- Hands are used for stability
- May start to cruise
- Takes weight
- Takes steps with hands held
- Will bounce
7 months: fine motor
- Develops different grasp
- Fine motor skill acquisition
- Radial palmar grasp
- Reaches for toy with one hand
- Releases toy by dropping it
8 months: sitting
- Now independent
- Reaches across midline with trunk rotation
- Starts to self feed
- Weight shifts outside of BOS Independently
8 months: rolling
Beginning to see more mature segmental pattern of rolling with intention and purpose
9 months: motor behavior and fine motor
- Begin crawling and developing freedom
- Fine motor: Immature pincer grasp: uses tips but thumb is still lateral
10 months: fine motor
true pincer grasp
11 months: supine
rolls to side lying and pushes into sitting
11 months sitting
varies leg positions
- uses as transitional position
- develops fine motor skills during seated play
11 months: quadruped
- good reciprocal creeping
- sometimes will bear crawl (precursor to walking)
- can play in kneeling position
11 months: standing
- can descend from standing with improved control sometimes though ½ kneel
- May stand or walk alone arms in high guard and poor balance
- Trunk righting in standing begins to develop
11 months: fine motor
- Neat pincer grasp for feeding (true pincer grasp)
- Point at desired objects
- Looks in correct place for toy out of sight
- fine motor during seated play
12 months: early walking
- Upper and lower extremities in flexion, abduction and ER
- COM at lower thoracic level
- Anterior pelvic tilt with wide BOS
- Foot strikes floor either flat or in slight plantar flexion, hindfoot pronated
- Rapid cadence and short step length
- EMG standing: has similar recruitment strategies as adults
- However there is some co-activation during gait
- gastroc/anterior tib during swing
- quads/hamstring during stance
- Possibly due to decreased strength of muscles in antigravity position
15 months: gross motor
- Walks everywhere, arms in mid-guard
- Often stopped by falling orr bumping into obstacles
- Gets self from sitting to standing through plantigrade
- creeps upstairs and sometimes downstairs backward
- Pushes large wheeled toys (brings in BOS and practice walking
- Squats in play
- Consistent anticipatory postural control
- Standing 80% of the time
- Beginning of staggering balance reactions not well coordinated until age 6
15 months: fine motor
- Manipulates cubes and builds towers of two
- Palmar grasp of crayon and scribbles (pronated grasp)
- Points index finger at desired object
- Standardized books for development (they can point to things)
18 months: muscular system/gross motor
- Gait becomes more efficient with increased stability as COG continues to move downward toward LE
- Child overcorrects to perturbation
- Use of slow-twitch fibers more apparent
- Decrease Co-activation
- More hip flexion than adults
2 years: gross motor/gait
- Runs safely, able to stop, start and avoid obstacles
- Squats to play, rises to feet without using hands
- Sits on small tricycles, unable to pedal but will propel self with feet on ground
- Kicks ball by walking into it
- Throws ball overhand 5 feet
- Catches ball by trapping it against the chest
- Jumps off low step with one foot leading
- Ascends stairs with railing and step to pattern
- Gait:
~ Heel strike is now present
~ Decreases co-contraction in antagonistic muscle groups due to increase muscle control
2 years: fine motor
- Holds pencil near point with primitive tripod grasp
- Imitates vertical and horizontal lines (do it after they see the motion)
- Turns pages one at a time
- Build tower of 6-7 cubes (1 inch cubes)
- Turns a doorknob
- Pulls pants up and down
2.5 years: gross motor
- Walks up stairs and down holding railing with step to pattern
- Stands on tiptoe after demonstration
- Jumps off surfaces not just stairs
- Jumps on floor a few inches in heigh
- Can run about 30 feet in 6 seconds
2.5 years: fine motor
- imitates horizontal line and circle
- sometimes T and V
- pours liquid from one glass to another
3 years: gross motor
- Very confident
- Alternate stairs
- Rides a trike
- Hops once on dominant foot
- Develop fear of falling and become clumsy (more tripping due to second guessing)
- Running
3 years: fine motor
- Draws a person with head and usually one or two other features
- Matches 2-3 primary colors
- Button and unbuttons clothing
- Dysmetria (wavering before putting something down) with block stacking
4 years: gross motor
- Doing more dangerous things
- Able to turn sharp corners while running
- Parallel play is gone
- Climbs ladders and tees
- Stands on preferred foot 3-5 seconds
- Starting to hop
- Throws with rotation of body
- Can catch a ball using hands only
- Arms swing reciprocally in running/walking
- Can jump forward 30 inches with 2-foots takeoff and landing
- Begins to integrate visual, proprioception and vestibular inputs to maintain balance with inconsistent performance (ankle strategy)
Fine motor: 4 years:
- draws recognizable house
- hand preference not apparent
5 years: gross motor
- Walks on narrow line, curb
- Skips and gallops
- Stands on one foot 8-10 seconds
- Walks up and down stairs reciprocally often without failing
- Jumps sideways and can turn while jumping
- Jumps over object up to 8 inches high
- Throws ball to target 10 feet away
- Catches bounced call with only hands
- Fluid running
- Imitates visual model of movement in simon says
5 years: fine motor
- more control with writing, drawling, painting
- copies square and triangle
Stand with assistance:
7 months
Independent standing
10-11 months
Independent walking:
12+/- 3 months
Walk upstairs using a railing:
18 months
Heel strike and push off
2 years
walking on toes
1.5-2.5 yrs
Running (fast walk)
2 years
Running
2.5-3.5 yrs
Jumping
2.5-3.5 yrs
