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Movement science 2 > Motor Behavior from Neonate-5 years > Flashcards

Motor Behavior from Neonate-5 years Flashcards

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1
Q

Neonate

A

Supported sitting:
- flexion/abduction in their legs
- Generalized trunk flexion
- Arms held close to body
- Head bobbing, head lag with pull to sit
Supported standing:
- Extensor tone
- And automatic stepping reflex

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2
Q

1 month- supine

A
  • physiological flexion is beginning to decrease
  • Will gaze at overhead mobile or caregivers face during feeding
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3
Q

1 Month: Prone

A
  • active neck extension
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4
Q

1 month: supported sit

A

pull to sit shows some control at beginning range

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5
Q

2 months: supine

A

Head rotation increased
Body is more contact with surface
Random swiping at objects

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6
Q

2 months: prone

A
  • head elevation to nearly 45 degrees
  • pectoral muscles are more active as baby pushes into the ground
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7
Q

2 months supported sit

A
  • Decreased head lag with pull to sit,
  • beginning to hold head up when trunk is supported
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8
Q

3 months old: supine

A
  • UE/LE lifting and reaching, overshoots objects
  • Gather in midline (holding a bottle)
  • Active kicking
  • Some finger to mouth play
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9
Q

3 months old: general

A
  • flexion and extension balance occurring
  • Integration of some early reflexes - decrease in frequency with greater variety of movement patterns
  • Movement becoming more purposeful: swiping and reach; better idea of distance
  • Abdominals are more active
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10
Q

3 months: prone

A
  • Developing antigravity control → more extension to get ready to crawl
  • Active propping on forearms
  • Weight shifting with improved control
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11
Q

Sitting at 3 months

A
  • stage 1 sitting
  • Propped on extended arms (BOS)
  • Still needs help for balance
  • Active head control present with improving
  • trunk extension – little to no head lag
  • UE/LE beginning to move away from body for function
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12
Q

3 months standing

A

stands easily with upper trunk and extremities held
- cannot hold pelvis

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13
Q

3 months: rolling

A
  • starts to roll from back to side accidentally
  • begins to roll prone to supine accidentally
  • more accidental rolling than purposeful
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14
Q

4 months: supine

A

Refer to 3 months
Rolls supine to prone
Reaches for feet
Transfers objects from hand to hand

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15
Q

4 months: prone

A

Refer to 3 months
Starts reaching for toys

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16
Q

4 months: sitting

A

Stage 1

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17
Q

4 months standing

A
  • refer to 3 months
  • takes weight on legs while standing with support
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18
Q

4 months rolling

A
  • rolling becomes more intentional
  • rolls supine to prone
  • rolls intentionally with immature movement patterns
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19
Q

5 months old supine

A
  • Direct and accurate reach for objects
  • eye-hand- mouth coordination
  • Reciprocal kicking of the legs
  • Flexor control – raise head and lift pelvis with hip extension
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20
Q

5 months prone

A
  • hands are open with palms
  • weight shifting, reaching and pivoting
  • lats are lengthening
  • commando crawl
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21
Q

5 months sitting

A
  • stage 2
  • can sit for 1 minute with arm support if placed
  • back is straighter
  • starts to weight shift with balances losss
  • hip extensors are more active allowing for variety of LE positions
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22
Q

5 months: rolling

A

intentional rolling with immature movement patterns
- log rolls

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23
Q

5 months: fine motor

A
  • rake grasp develops
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24
Q

6 months: supine

A
  • flexion control: raises head or pelvis to explore feet
  • eye-hand-mouth coordination
  • direct and accurate reach for objects
  • reciprocal kicking of legs
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25
Q

6 months: sitting

A
  • stage 3 sitting
  • sits for extended periods of time
  • reaches overhead
  • transitions to prone begins
  • independent sitting
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26
Q

6 months rolling

A
  • begins to see more mature segmental patterns of rolling with intent
27
Q

7 months: supine:

A
  • rolls actively to and from prone
  • does not like supine
28
Q

7 months: prone

A
  • pushes into quadruped
  • reaches onto surface from quadruped
  • pulls to stand with bearing on upper trunk
  • may begin to crawl
29
Q

7 months sitting

A
  • Stage 3 sitting
  • Reaches across midline with trunk rotation
  • Starts self feeding
  • Gets into/out of sitting through quadruped
  • Weight shifting outside BOS independently
30
Q

7 months: rolling

A
  • Beginning to see more mature segmental pattern of rolling with intention and purpose
  • Rolls from back to sidelying to push up into sitting
31
Q

7 months: standing

A
  • Pulls to stand at surface will fall backward without control
  • Hands are used for stability
  • May start to cruise
  • Takes weight
  • Takes steps with hands held
  • Will bounce
32
Q

7 months: fine motor

A
  • Develops different grasp
  • Fine motor skill acquisition
  • Radial palmar grasp
  • Reaches for toy with one hand
  • Releases toy by dropping it
33
Q

8 months: sitting

A
  • Now independent
  • Reaches across midline with trunk rotation
  • Starts to self feed
  • Weight shifts outside of BOS Independently
34
Q

8 months: rolling

A

Beginning to see more mature segmental pattern of rolling with intention and purpose

35
Q

9 months: motor behavior and fine motor

A
  • Begin crawling and developing freedom
  • Fine motor: Immature pincer grasp: uses tips but thumb is still lateral
36
Q

10 months: fine motor

A

true pincer grasp

37
Q

11 months: supine

A

rolls to side lying and pushes into sitting

38
Q

11 months sitting

A

varies leg positions
- uses as transitional position
- develops fine motor skills during seated play

39
Q

11 months: quadruped

A
  • good reciprocal creeping
  • sometimes will bear crawl (precursor to walking)
  • can play in kneeling position
40
Q

11 months: standing

A
  • can descend from standing with improved control sometimes though ½ kneel
  • May stand or walk alone arms in high guard and poor balance
  • Trunk righting in standing begins to develop
41
Q

11 months: fine motor

A
  • Neat pincer grasp for feeding (true pincer grasp)
  • Point at desired objects
  • Looks in correct place for toy out of sight
  • fine motor during seated play
42
Q

12 months: early walking

A
  • Upper and lower extremities in flexion, abduction and ER
  • COM at lower thoracic level
  • Anterior pelvic tilt with wide BOS
  • Foot strikes floor either flat or in slight plantar flexion, hindfoot pronated
  • Rapid cadence and short step length
  • EMG standing: has similar recruitment strategies as adults
  • However there is some co-activation during gait
  • gastroc/anterior tib during swing
  • quads/hamstring during stance
  • Possibly due to decreased strength of muscles in antigravity position
43
Q

15 months: gross motor

A
  • Walks everywhere, arms in mid-guard
  • Often stopped by falling orr bumping into obstacles
  • Gets self from sitting to standing through plantigrade
  • creeps upstairs and sometimes downstairs backward
  • Pushes large wheeled toys (brings in BOS and practice walking
  • Squats in play
  • Consistent anticipatory postural control
  • Standing 80% of the time
  • Beginning of staggering balance reactions not well coordinated until age 6
44
Q

15 months: fine motor

A
  • Manipulates cubes and builds towers of two
  • Palmar grasp of crayon and scribbles (pronated grasp)
  • Points index finger at desired object
  • Standardized books for development (they can point to things)
45
Q

18 months: muscular system/gross motor

A
  • Gait becomes more efficient with increased stability as COG continues to move downward toward LE
  • Child overcorrects to perturbation
  • Use of slow-twitch fibers more apparent
  • Decrease Co-activation
  • More hip flexion than adults
46
Q

2 years: gross motor/gait

A
  • Runs safely, able to stop, start and avoid obstacles
  • Squats to play, rises to feet without using hands
  • Sits on small tricycles, unable to pedal but will propel self with feet on ground
  • Kicks ball by walking into it
  • Throws ball overhand 5 feet
  • Catches ball by trapping it against the chest
  • Jumps off low step with one foot leading
  • Ascends stairs with railing and step to pattern
  • Gait:
    ~ Heel strike is now present
    ~ Decreases co-contraction in antagonistic muscle groups due to increase muscle control
47
Q

2 years: fine motor

A
  • Holds pencil near point with primitive tripod grasp
  • Imitates vertical and horizontal lines (do it after they see the motion)
  • Turns pages one at a time
  • Build tower of 6-7 cubes (1 inch cubes)
  • Turns a doorknob
  • Pulls pants up and down
48
Q

2.5 years: gross motor

A
  • Walks up stairs and down holding railing with step to pattern
  • Stands on tiptoe after demonstration
  • Jumps off surfaces not just stairs
  • Jumps on floor a few inches in heigh
  • Can run about 30 feet in 6 seconds
49
Q

2.5 years: fine motor

A
  • imitates horizontal line and circle
  • sometimes T and V
  • pours liquid from one glass to another
50
Q

3 years: gross motor

A
  • Very confident
  • Alternate stairs
  • Rides a trike
  • Hops once on dominant foot
  • Develop fear of falling and become clumsy (more tripping due to second guessing)
  • Running
51
Q

3 years: fine motor

A
  • Draws a person with head and usually one or two other features
  • Matches 2-3 primary colors
  • Button and unbuttons clothing
  • Dysmetria (wavering before putting something down) with block stacking
52
Q

4 years: gross motor

A
  • Doing more dangerous things
  • Able to turn sharp corners while running
  • Parallel play is gone
  • Climbs ladders and tees
  • Stands on preferred foot 3-5 seconds
  • Starting to hop
  • Throws with rotation of body
  • Can catch a ball using hands only
  • Arms swing reciprocally in running/walking
  • Can jump forward 30 inches with 2-foots takeoff and landing
  • Begins to integrate visual, proprioception and vestibular inputs to maintain balance with inconsistent performance (ankle strategy)
53
Q

Fine motor: 4 years:

A
  • draws recognizable house
  • hand preference not apparent
54
Q

5 years: gross motor

A
  • Walks on narrow line, curb
  • Skips and gallops
  • Stands on one foot 8-10 seconds
  • Walks up and down stairs reciprocally often without failing
  • Jumps sideways and can turn while jumping
  • Jumps over object up to 8 inches high
  • Throws ball to target 10 feet away
  • Catches bounced call with only hands
  • Fluid running
  • Imitates visual model of movement in simon says
55
Q

5 years: fine motor

A
  • more control with writing, drawling, painting
  • copies square and triangle
56
Q

Stand with assistance:

A

7 months

57
Q

Independent standing

A

10-11 months

58
Q

Independent walking:

A

12+/- 3 months

59
Q

Walk upstairs using a railing:

A

18 months

60
Q

Heel strike and push off

A

2 years

61
Q

walking on toes

A

1.5-2.5 yrs

62
Q

Running (fast walk)

A

2 years

63
Q

Running

A

2.5-3.5 yrs

64
Q

Jumping

A

2.5-3.5 yrs

Movement science 2 (22 decks)

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