Motor Leaning and Recovery of Function Flashcards
1
Q
What does motor learning involve?
Functional recovery?
A
- integrates perception, action, and cognition
- functional recovery requires reorganization of the systems we use to produce actions
2
Q
implicit procedural learning occurs in
A
- cerebellum
- basal ganglia
- hippocampus
3
Q
Motor learning in children
A
- learn motor tasks differently than adults
- constantly learning new skills at a rapid rate
- must consider learning in context of age-appropriate skills
4
Q
Information processing in children
A
- children process specific information and feedback more slowly
- have difficulty copying images (decreased spatial memory)
- Attentional focus
- verbal learning
- use of feedback
5
Q
Schmidt’s Scheme theory
A
- like motor program theory
- generalized motor program creates spatial and temporal patterns of muscle activity needed to carry out a given movement
- recall schema: can imagine what it will look like
- recognition schema: when they can recognize when they did not do it correctly
6
Q
Schmidt’s schema clinical implications
A
- optimal learning will occur if a task if practiced under many different conditions
7
Q
Ecological theory
A
- motor learning increases the coordination between perception and action consistent with task and environmental constraints
- emphasizes dynamic exploratory activity of the perceptual/motor workspace to create optimal strategies for performing a task
- how kids learn best
8
Q
Ecological Theory Clinical implications
A
- the patient learns to distinguish the relevant perceptual cues important to organizing action
- how far an object s
- how heavy it is
9
Q
Fitts and Posner 3-stage model
A
- cognitive stage: need a lot of verbal cues, needs to think about movement, time and quiet environment to allow thinking and concentration to occur
- associative stage: some distraction can occur, variation, don’t have to think as much
- autonomous stage: can be done regardless of environment, little to no though
10
Q
Gentile’s Two-stage model
A
- first stage: learners develop understanding of task dynamics
- second stage: refine movement
- similar to schemia
11
Q
Practical applications of motor learning research
A
- different motor learning factors are important to consider when retraining patients with motor control problems
12
Q
Practice: and rate of improvement
A
- most important factor in retraining motor skills
- rate of improvement during any part of practice is linearly related (on a log scale) to the amount left to improve
- make more gains in the beginning
13
Q
Feedback: intrinsic
A
- inherent
- own feedback; when they know they are doing it wrong
- could be pain, sounds, sight
14
Q
Feedback: augmented
A
- verbal, tactile, scores etc
- concurrent: while they are doing the activity
- terminal: when they are done
15
Q
Knowledge of results (KR)
A
- terminal feedback about the outcome of movement in terms of the movement’s goal
- temporary effects
- frequency can vary depending on task (sometimes there is value in letting them figure it out)
- precision varies for adults versus children
- ability to think about what they did
