Types og long-term memory

Question 1

How many types of long-term memory is there?

Answer 1

Two main types

Question 2

What are the two main types of long term memory?

Answer 2

Explicit and Implicit

Question 3

What are episodic and semantic memories example of?

Answer 3

Know that

Explicit/declaratice memories

Question 4

What are procedural memories?

Answer 4

Knowing how

Question 5

What is episodic memory concerned with?

Answer 5

Personal experiences

• You may recall time places and who was there
• You may also recall the context surrounding the event
• you may recall the emotions you are feeling at the time

Question 6

What are the three main elements of episodic memory?

Answer 6

• Specific details of the event
• The context
• The emotion

Question 7

What are semantic memories about?

Answer 7

Knowing that

Question 8

What is an example of semantic memories?

Answer 8

You know that people of certain age go to school
2+2=4
The capital of England is London
( Knowledge of the world that everyone knows)

Question 9

What may semantic memories also relate to?

Answer 9

• Function of objects

- What behaviour is appropriate

Question 10

What is procedural memory concerned with?

Answer 10

Skills

Question 11

What are some examples of procedural memories?

Answer 11

• How to tie a shoelace
• Knowing how to drive
• Knowing how to read
  It’s about remembering how to do something rather than knowing the rules of what to do

Question 12

How are procedural memories acquired?

Answer 12

Through repetition and practice

Question 13

What may happened if you think to much about procedural memories?

Answer 13

You may not be able to perform them

Question 14

Evidence from brain scans

Answer 14

The distinction made between the three kinds of LTM is supported by brain scan research
- Episodic memory=hippocampus ( temporal lobe)
- Semantic memory= Temporal lobe
- Procedural memory= cerebellum
Brain scans therefore indicate that the three types of memory are found in different parts of the brain and so are separate

Question 15

Problems with evidence from patients with brain damage

Answer 15

It is difficult to reach a firm conclusion by studying brain-damaged patients
- The process of brain injury is traumatic, causing a change in a persons behaviour
- Studying Amnesiacs, HM, it is difficult to know the exact parts of the brain that have been affected until the patient has died
- Damage to that area may not be the problem, it may be acting as a relay station
This means we cannot establish a casual relationship between a particular brain region and type of LTM

Question 16

Priming and a fourth kind of LTM

Answer 16

The possiblity that other types of LTM may exist raises quesions about existing theories
- For example, priming describes how implicit memories influence the response a person makes to a stimulus
- If a person was given a list with the colour ‘yellow’ in it and then to name fruit they are more likely to name banana
- This kind of implicit memory because the answers are automatic and unconscious
- Priming is controlled by a brain system that supports explicit memory
- Led to conclusion of a fourth kind of LTM
This suggests that other types of LTM may exist and the original theory of LTM may be too simplistic