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Anatomy & Physiology > types of tissues (histology) > Flashcards

types of tissues (histology) Flashcards

1
Q

what is histology?

A

study of tissues

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2
Q

what are the 4 main tissue types?

A
  1. epithelial
  2. connective
  3. muscular
  4. nervous
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3
Q

what is epithelial tissue?

A

first line of defense from physical, chemical, and biological damage

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4
Q

what is connective tissue?

A

supports & connects all tissues can cells

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5
Q

what is muscular tissue for?

A

movement

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6
Q

what is nervous tissue for?

A

to control bodily functions

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7
Q

where is epithelial tissue found?

A

covers the body parts that are exposed to the environment
ex: digestive tract

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8
Q

what is the 1 thing epithelial tissue contains and 1 thing the tissue does not contain?

A

contain: nerves
does not contain: blood vessels

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9
Q

how are there constantly new epithelial tissue?

A

regeneration

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10
Q

what are the 5 types of epithelial tissue?

A
  1. simple
  2. stratified
  3. pseudostratified
  4. transitional
  5. glandular
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11
Q

what are the 3 types of simple epithelial tissue?

A
  1. squamous
  2. cuboidal
  3. columnar
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12
Q

what does “simple tissue” mean?

A

only 1 layer of cells for protection, absorption, and filtration

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13
Q

what is simple squamous epithelial tissue and where is it found?

A

1 layer of horizontal rectangular tissue found in lymph vessels

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14
Q

what is simple cuboidal epithelial tissue and where is it found?

A

1 layer of cube-like tissue found in the exocrine glands and kidneys

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15
Q

what is simple columnar epithelial tissue and where is it found?

A

1 layer of vertical rectangular tissue found in the small & large intestines

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16
Q

what is pseudostratified epithelial tissue and where is it found?

A

1 layer of cells that are different sizes and has cilia to block foreign particles found in the respiratory tract

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17
Q

what is transitional epithelial tissue and where is it found?

A

1 layer of cells of different sizes which can stretch and return back to normal shape again found in the urinary bladder

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18
Q

what are the 2 types of glandular epithelial tissue?

A
  1. exocrine gland
  2. endocrine gland
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19
Q

what are the endocrine glands?

A

ductless glands which make hormones that are secreted into the blood

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20
Q

what are exocrine glands?

A

duct glands that secrete fluid

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21
Q

what are the 4 types of exocrine glands?

A
  1. salivary
  2. mammary
  3. mucous
  4. sweat
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22
Q

what are salivary glands?

A

saliva that is secreted to aid in digestion

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23
Q

what are mammary glands?

A

makes milk for babies

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24
Q

what is mucous glands?

A

mucus is secreted to protect digestive & respiratory tract

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25
Q

what is sweat glands?

A

regulates body temp

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26
Q

what tissue is the most abundant in the body?

A

connective tissue

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27
Q

what are the 6 functions of connective tissue?

A
  1. binding
  2. support
  3. protection
  4. storage
  5. insulation
  6. transportation
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28
Q

what are the 5 types of connective tissue?

A
  1. mesenchyme
  2. bone
  3. cartilage
  4. dense connective
  5. loose connective
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29
Q

what type of tissue is the origin for all connective tissue?

A

mesenchyme

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30
Q

where is mesenchym found?

A

embryo

31
Q

what are the 3 functions of osteocytes in bone tissue?

A
  1. protect
  2. support
  3. mineral storage
32
Q

what are the 3 types of cartilage?

A
  1. hyaline
  2. elastic
  3. fibrocartilage
33
Q

what are the 4 places hyaline cartilage is found?

A
  1. end of long bones
  2. nose
  3. trachea
  4. larynx
34
Q

what is the function of hyaline cartilage?

A

to cushion the joints

35
Q

what is the function of elastic cartilage?

A

to main shape and allow for flexibility

36
Q

where is the 2 places elastic cartilage found?

A
  1. epiglottis
  2. ear
37
Q

what is the function of fibrocartilage?

A

strength & absorption of compressive shock

38
Q

what are the 2 places fibrocartilage is found?

A
  1. intervertebral discs (miniscus)
  2. discs of knee joints
39
Q

what are the 2 types of dense connective tissue?

A
  1. dense regular
  2. dense irregular
40
Q

what is the difference between the functions of dense irregular and dense regular connective tissue?

A

dense regular tissue can only withstand tension going in one direction, whereas dense irregular tissue can withstand tension going in multiple directions

41
Q

where are the 2 places dense regular connective tissue located?

A
  1. tendons
  2. ligaments
42
Q

where are the 2 places dense irregular connective tissue is located?

A
  1. dermis
  2. digestive tract
43
Q

what are the 4 types of loose connective tissue?

A
  1. areolar
  2. adipose
  3. blood
  4. reticular
44
Q

what is the function of areolar tissue?

A

it wraps around organs to cushion it

45
Q

what type of cells is adipose tissue?

A

fat cells

46
Q

what are the 4 functions of adipose tissue?

A
  1. provide energy
  2. insulation
  3. support
  4. protection
47
Q

where are the 3 places adipose tissue is located?

A
  1. under skin
  2. kidney
  3. around eyeballs
48
Q

what is the function of reticular tissue?

A

with the use of reticular fibers, it is the internal framework for organs and supports them

49
Q

where are the 3 places reticular tissue is found?

A
  1. lymph nodes
  2. bone
  3. spleen
50
Q

what is the function of blood and where is it located?

A

to transport, in blood vessels

51
Q

what are the 3 types of muscle tissue?

A
  1. smooth
  2. cardiac
  3. skeletal
52
Q

what does it mean when a tissue is striated?

A

that means there is a repeating pattern of lines within the tissue

53
Q

what of the 3 types of muscle tissue is striated?

A

skeletal and cardiac tissue is striated and smooth tissue is not striated

54
Q

where are skeletal muscles attached to?

A

attached to bones

55
Q

where is cardiac muscle located?

A

only in the heart

56
Q

to identify cardiac muscle tissue what should you look for?

A

intercalated discs

57
Q

where is smooth muscle tissue located?

A

walls of internal organs like digestive tract, urinary, uterus, blood vessels

58
Q

what does nervous tissue do?

A

control bodily functions

59
Q

what are the 2 cell types of nervous tissue?

A
  1. neuron
  2. supporting cells
60
Q

what are neurons?

A

conduct nerve impulses and communicate using neurotransmitters

61
Q

what are supporting cells?

A

protect the neurons and are non conducting

62
Q

what are epithelial membranes made of?

A

connective and epithelial tissue

63
Q

what are the 3 types of epithelial membranes?

A
  1. cutaneous
  2. mucous
  3. serous
64
Q

what is cutaneous epithelial membrane made of?

A

made of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

65
Q

where is cutaneous epithelial membrane located?

A

covers the entire body

66
Q

what is the function of mucous epithelial membrane?

A

wet, moist cells for absorption and secretion

67
Q

where is mucous epithelial membrane located?

A

lines cavities of digestive & respiratory tract

68
Q

what is mucous epithelial membrane made of?

A

stratified squamous, simple columnar, or pseudostratified

69
Q

where is the serous epithelial membrane located?

A

lines the pericardial, pleural, and abdominal cavities

70
Q

what is the serous epithelial membrane made of?

A

simple squamous epithelium and thin layers of loose connective tissue

71
Q

what are the 3 types of serous epithelial membrane?

A
  1. visceral peritoneum
  2. parietal peritoneum
  3. serous fluid
72
Q

what is the visceral peritoneum?

A

membrane that is closest to the organ it surrounds

73
Q

what is parietal peritoneum?

A

membrane that is farthest from the organ it surrounds

74
Q

what is serous fluid?

A

fluid between visceral and parietal peritoneum and it provides lubrication to reduce friction

Anatomy & Physiology (15 decks)

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