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Anatomy & Physiology > the human body orientation > Flashcards

the human body orientation Flashcards

1
Q

anatomy

A

study of structure & shape of the body and its parts

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2
Q

physiology

A

study of how the body and its part work together

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3
Q

____ determines ____

A

structure determines function

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4
Q

7 levels of structural complexity in the body

A
  1. atoms
  2. molecules
  3. cells
  4. tissues
  5. organs
  6. organ system
  7. organism
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5
Q

5 survival needs

A
  1. nutrients
  2. water
  3. oxygen
  4. regulated body temperature (heat)
  5. atmospheric pressure
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6
Q

homeostasis

A

stable internal environment, dynamic state of equilibrium

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7
Q

intracellular fluid (ICF)

A

fluid within body cells

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8
Q

extracellular fluid (ECF)

A

fluid outside body cells

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9
Q

intercellular tissue fluid

A

ECF filling space between cells

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10
Q

what is plasma

A

extracellular fluid in blood vessels

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11
Q

lymph

A

ECF filtered through lymphatic vessels

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12
Q

2 main systems to maintain homeostasis

A

nervous system & endocrine system

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13
Q

what 3 things does the nervous system do to maintain homeostasis?

A
  1. rapid response
  2. short duration
  3. uses electrical signals delivered by nerves
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14
Q

what 3 things does the endocrine system do to maintain homeostasis?

A
  1. slow response
  2. longer duration
  3. uses hormones delivered by circulatory system
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15
Q

what is receptor?

A

input

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16
Q

what does the control center do

A

integrate

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17
Q

what is effector?

A

output

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18
Q

what is the control mechanism order?

A

stimulus, afferent pathway (input), control center, efferent pathway (output), response

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19
Q

what is the negative feedback system?

A

returns body to homeostasis by reversing the stimulus

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20
Q

what are some examples of negative feedback system?

A

breathing rate, blood glucose levels, heart rate, body temp, sweating, shivering

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21
Q

what is the positive feedback system?

A

enhances the stimulus to make the body go further from homeostasis

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22
Q

what are 2 examples of positive feedback system?

A

childbirth (water break) & blood clotting (want to send more platelets to stop leak)

23
Q

what is anatomical position?

A

when the body is erect (straight), arms by side, palms facing forward

24
Q

what is another word for spine?

A

vertebral column

25
Q

what is vasodilation?

A

blood vessels widen to increase blood flow & warmth

26
Q

what is vasoconstriction?

A

narrows blood vessels to decrease blood pressure & sweats

27
Q

why are nutrients needed for in survival?

A

energy & cell building

28
Q

what makes up 60-80% of your body weight?

A

water

29
Q

what survival need is for metabolic reaction?

A

water

30
Q

why is oxygen needed for in survival?

A

to make oxidative chemical reactions, like ATP

31
Q

what survival has a result of a correct reaction rate?

A

regulated body temperature

32
Q

what is atmospheric pressure for?

A

for the respiratory system to work (because it needs oxygen)

33
Q

what type of neurons do receptors have?

A

sensory neurons

34
Q

what type of control mechanism detects temp, pressure, and bacteria?

A

receptor

35
Q

what control mechanism has motor neurons?

A

effector

36
Q

what is the control center part of the body?

A

brain which sends signals

37
Q

where does a local disease affect?

A

certain part of the body

38
Q

is strep throat a local or systematic disease?

A

local disease

39
Q

what type of disease affects the entire body or several parts of the body?

A

systematic disease

40
Q

what are signs?

A

changes that are observable or measured

41
Q

what are symptons?

A

things you are feeling, cannot be observed

42
Q

what are some examples of signs?

A

fever, rash

43
Q

what are some examples of symptoms?

A

nausea, headache

44
Q

what is set point?

A

the stabilized point that the body is trying to reach

45
Q

what is local homeostatic imbalance?

A

only affects a certain part of the body, so only a certain part of the body is imbalanced

46
Q

what is systematic homeostatic imbalance?

A

affects entire body, so entire body is imbalanced

47
Q

what is homeostatic imbalance?

A

when body is not able to return to homeostasis

48
Q

what are 4 signs of homeostatic imbalance?

A
  1. increased heart rate
  2. decreased blood pressure
  3. fast breathing
  4. decrease in urination frequencies
49
Q

confusion, irritability, aggression, anxiety, listlessness, delirium are all symptoms of what?

A

homeostatic imbalance

50
Q

what is cation?

A

lose electrons and become positively charged

51
Q

what is anion?

A

gain electrons and become negatively charged

52
Q

what is the charge of an electron?

A

negative

53
Q

what is the charge of a neutron?

A

no charge

54
Q

what is the charge of a proton?

A

positive

Anatomy & Physiology (15 decks)

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