basic biochemistry Flashcards
what is an element?
an unique substance that cannot be broken down into simple stable substances
how many elements are naturally found on Earth?
92
what are elements made of?
atoms
what is the periodic table made of?
elements
what charge does an electron have?
negative
what is the particle for the symbol e− ?
electron
what is the symbol for proton?
p+
what particle has a positive charge?
proton
neutron has what symbol?
n0
what is the charge of an neutron?
no charge
which 2 particles have a mass of 1?
proton & neutron
what is the mass of an electron?
1/1840
the nucleus holds what 2 particles?
proton & neutron
where is the electron located?
electron cloud
what equals the # of protons in the nucleus of an atom?
atomic number & electrons
what is the equation for atomic mass?
protons + neutrons found in the nucleus
what equals the # of protons in an electrically neutral element?
electrons
what makes up the mass of an atom?
protons & neutrons
what is a substance called when it is made of 2 or more elements that are chemically combined?
compounds
what is a mixture?
2 or more substances physically combined
what is the substance that has mass, takes up space, and made of a specific form of energy?
matter
what is the term for ability to do work or put matter into motion?
energy
what are the 2 types of energy?
kinetic & potential
what is kinetic energy?
moving energy
what is potential energy?
energy that is stored/inactive
what kind of energy is C6H12O6?
potential energy
what is the name for compound C6H12O6?
glucose, sugar
what are the 4 different forms of energy?
chemical, electrical, mechanical, radiant
what kind of energy is stored in bonds of chemical substances?
chemical energy
gas, batteries, ATP, and fat tissue are all examples of what form of energy?
chemical energy
what is electrical energy?
movement of charged particles, or action potential
what does mechanical energy do?
move matter
a car rolling down the road and muscles pulling on bones are examples of what form of energy?
mechanical
what is radiant energy?
travels in waves
what are 2 examples of radiant energy?
EM spectrum, sun (reacts with chemicals in our skin to give us vitamin D)
what type of reactions occur when atoms combine with or break off with other atoms?
chemical reaction
where are valence electrons found?
in the outermost energy level
what happens to valence electrons?
moved between atoms in a chemical reaction
what does the Lewis Dot Structure show?
the valence electrons that are used during bonding