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Anatomy & Physiology > skin & body membranes > Flashcards

skin & body membranes Flashcards

1
Q

what does the integumentary system cover?

A

entire body

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2
Q

how many lbs is the integumentary system?

A

9 lbs

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3
Q

what percent of the integumentary system makes up the total body weight?

A

7%

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4
Q

in every sq cm the skin contains how many cm of blood vessels in the pinkie finger alone?

A

70 cm

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5
Q

in every sq cm the skin contains how many cm if nerves?

A

55 cm

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6
Q

how many sensory receptors are in the body?

A

230 sensory receptors

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7
Q

how many sweat glands are there in the integumentary system?

A

100

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8
Q

how many oil glands are in the integumentary system?

A

15

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9
Q

what is another term for oil glands?

A

sebaceous glands which waterproofs and protects the skin

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10
Q

how many cells are dying and constantly being replaced

A

1/2 million

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11
Q

what are the main 5 types of membranes found in the body?

A
  1. epithelial
  2. cutaneous
  3. mucous
  4. serous
  5. connective tissue membrane
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12
Q

is the epithelial membrane layer superficial or deep?

A

superficial, near the surface

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13
Q

what is the underlying deep layer of the epithelial membrane?

A

connective tissue

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14
Q

what is the cutaneous membrane also known as?

A

the skin

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15
Q

what are the 2 functions of the cutaneous membrane?

A
  1. protection
  2. keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium
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16
Q

what is the cutaneous membrane held down by?

A

dense irregular fibrous connective tissue

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17
Q

mucous membranes are the underlying what?

A

loose connective tissue

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18
Q

where is the mucous membrane located?

A

lining cavities that are open to the environment like the digestive and respiratory tracts

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19
Q

what are goblet cells and what membrane are they apart of?

A

goblet cells are apart of the mucous membrane and they secrete mucus to line the surface epithelial for protection

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20
Q

what 2 types of tissue make up 2 layers of the serous membrane?

A
  1. simple squamous
  2. areolar connective tissue
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21
Q

where is the serous fluid between in the serous membrane?

A

between parietal and visceral peritoneum

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22
Q

what 2 layers of tissue make up the serous membrane (scientific names) and why?

A
  1. parietal peritoneum
  2. visceral peritoneum
    to decrease friction
23
Q

where is the serous membrane found?

A

lining body cavities, specifically pericardial, abdominal, and pleural cavities

24
Q

what are synovial membranes?

A

soft areolar connective tissue

25
Q

does synovial/connective tissue have epithelial cells?

A

no

26
Q

where is the synovial membrane ofund?

A

lining fibrous capsules surrounding the joints like shoulder and elbow

27
Q

what are the 2 functions of the synovial/connective membrane?

A
  1. for smooth surface
  2. secrete synovial fluid to lubricate
28
Q

what are the 4 types of damages the skin protects you from?

A
  1. mechanical
  2. chemical
  3. bacterial
  4. thermal
29
Q

what are the remaining 6 things the skin protects you from (not including the 4 damages)?

A
  1. ultraviolet radiation
  2. desiccation
  3. heat loss
  4. heat retention
  5. excretion of urea & uric acid through sweat
  6. cholesterol molecules in skin convert vitamin D from sunlight
30
Q

what is mechanical damage (the thing skin protects you from)?

A

pressure receptors alert nervous system from upcoming damaging movement and friction

31
Q

what is chemical damage (the thing skin protects you from)?

A

stops chemicals from getting into underlying tissues by activating pain receptors to alert nervous system

32
Q

what is bacterial damage (the thing skin protects you from)?

A

phagocytes ingest foreign substances and pathogens

33
Q

what is ultraviolet radiation?

A

melanin made by melanocytes are for protection

34
Q

what is thermal damage (the thing skin protects you from)?

A

heat, cold, and pain receptors

35
Q

what is desiccation?

A

keratin in cells to reduce evaporation

36
Q

what does heat loss do?

A

activates sweat glands to allow blood to go into skin capillaries

37
Q

what are keratinocytes?

A

cells make keratin, a protein that makes the epidermis tough and protective

38
Q

what is melanocytes?

A

make melanin, a pigment protecting DNA from UV light damage

39
Q

what are dendritic cells?

A

alerts immune system of bacterial threat

40
Q

what are merkel cells?

A

sensory nerve endings that are touch receptors

41
Q

what type of tissue is the dermis made of?

A

connective tissue

42
Q

what are the 3 made things found in the dermis?

A
  1. blood
  2. nerves
  3. lymph vessels
43
Q

what are the cell types mostly found in the dermis?

A
  1. macrophages
  2. fibroblasts
44
Q

what are the 2 major layers of the dermis?

A
  1. papillary
  2. reticualr
45
Q

what are the 2 functions of the papillary layer of the dermis?

A
  1. connects epidermis to dermis
  2. is the place where finger and foot prints are found
46
Q

what is in the papillary layer of the dermis?

A

blood vessels

47
Q

what is the tissue type of the reticular layer of the dermis?

A

dense irregular connective tissue

48
Q

what is the function of the reticular layer of the dermis?

A

for strength and flexibility, the dense irregular part gives flexibility

49
Q

what is the percentage distribution for how much of the dermis reticular and papillary layer make up?

A

reticular: 80% of dermis
papillary: 20% of dermis

50
Q

where is the reticular layer of the dermis most commonly found?

A

in cleavage lines where skin heals better if an incision is made along this area

51
Q

what layer is found under the dermis?

A

hypodermis or subcutaneous layer

52
Q

what is the subcutaneous layer made of?

A

adipose tissue, or fat

53
Q

is the subcutaneous layer considered a skin layer?

A

no

54
Q

what are the 5 functions of the hypodermis layer of the skin?

A
  1. stores energy
  2. body temp regulation
  3. protection
  4. hormone making
  5. cushioning

Anatomy & Physiology (15 decks)

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