cell organelles Flashcards
what is the structure of the nucleus?
nuclear membrane (double membrane) engulfs nucleus
what in the cell does the nucleus regulate?
cell division & growth, protein development, cell death
what is another term for the nucleus?
control center
what does the nucleus contain?
contains DNA, so has cell’s genetic info
what is the structure of ribosomes?
small, circle-like structure
what happens on the side of ribosomes?
ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis
what do ribosomes read from the cell?
the blueprints for proteins made by the cell are read by ribosomes
what do ribosomes makes?
makes the amino acid sequence according to the genetic code blueprints
what are 2 types of endoplasmic reticulums?
rough ER & smooth ER
what is the structure of the ER?
network of membranes in cells
what is made in the ER?
the passageway where chemicals are made
what is the function of the ER in general?
the process & transport of new materials
what is the appearance of the rough ER?
a rough, bumpy appearance
what is the function of the rough ER?
folds & tugs new proteins to transport them
does the rough ER or the smooth ER have ribosomes attached to them?
rough ER
what is the function of the smooth ER?
hormone & lipid synthesis
what is the structure of the golgi apparatus?
series of flatted, membrane-bound sacs
what is the function of the golgi complex?
receives proteins from the rough ER, then packages & distributes them to the cell membrane
when the golgi apparatus packages & distributes proteins to the cell membrane what happens to these proteins?
the proteins either become apart of the lipid bilayer or it leaves the cell
what is the structure of lysosomes?
small, spherical organelles with digestive enzymes
what are the 2 functions of lysosomes?
- breaks down & recycles unneeded materials for the cell
- helps in apoptosis
what is apoptosis?
programmed cell death
what do the lysosomes break down?
old cell parts, invading bacteria & viruses
what is the mitochondria?
the site of respiration
what is the main function of the mitochondria?
to make ATP and store energy for biochemical reactions
what is ATP used for?
ATP fuels the activities of the cell
what is the structure of centrioles?
paired barrel shaped organelles in cytoplasm
what is the function of centrioles?
used in cell division by makes microtubules to pull a copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell
what are microtubules?
long, stiff fibers used to pull chromosomes during cell division
what is the structure of cytoplasm?
jelly-like substance filling the inside space of cells
what is cytoplasm made of?
mainly water, but also salt, enzymes, and other organic molecules
what is the function of the cytoplasm?
surrounding & protecting organelles
what 2 processes take place in the cytoplasm?
protein synthesis & glycolysis
what is the structure of the nucleolus?
spherical structure engulfing the nucleus
where is RNA transcribed?
in the nucleolus
what is the function of the nucleolus?
to make & assemble ribosomes, which then go to the cytoplasm
what are the 2 types of chromatin?
euchromatin & heterochromatin
what is chromatin made of?
macromolecules of DNA, RNA, and proteins in the nucleus
what are the 2 functions of chromatin?
- packages DNA to fit in the nucleus
- strengthens DNA for mitosis & meiosis
what is another term for the cell membrane?
plasma membrane
what is the cell membrane?
the semi permeable phospholipid bilayer
what is the function of the cell membrane?
controls what goes in & out of the cell
