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Anatomy & Physiology > overview of fluid & electrolyte physiology > Flashcards

overview of fluid & electrolyte physiology Flashcards

1
Q

what is the percent of solids in a normal adult male?

A

40%

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2
Q

what is the percent of solids in a normal adult male?

A

50%

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3
Q

what is the percent of water in a normal adult male?

A

60%

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4
Q

what is the percent of water in a normal adult female?

A

50%

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5
Q

what are the 2 reasons for the difference between the solid & water content in males & females?

A
  1. females have more adipose tissue
  2. males have more muscle mass
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6
Q

what is adipose tissue?

A

connective tissue made of fat cells called adipocytes

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7
Q

what are 4 examples of solids found in the body?

A
  1. proteins
  2. lipids
  3. carbs
  4. minerals
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8
Q

how many liters of water is found in a normal adult male?

A

40 liters

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9
Q

what is ECF?

A

extracellular fluid, fluid outside the cell

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10
Q

how much of the total body water does ECF make up?

A

1/3 of total body water, around 15 liters

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11
Q

what is ICF?

A

intracellular fluid, fluid inside the cell

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12
Q

how much of the total body water does ICF make up?

A

2/3 of total body water, around 25 liters

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13
Q

what is plasma?

A

fluid in circulation of the blood vessels

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14
Q

what is the percentage that plasma makes up in the ECF?

A

20%

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15
Q

what is it called when fluid is between cells?

A

interstitial fluid

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16
Q

what is the percentage that interstitial fluid makes up in the ECF?

A

80%

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17
Q

how does the body get its fluid?

A

from water & food

18
Q

what is the main fluid input?

A

from the gastrointestinal tract

19
Q

how much fluid input is needed daily?

A

2500 mL

20
Q

what is the process of water entering into the body?

A

first water enters the ECF from the gastrointestinal tract, then water moves between the fluid compartments

21
Q

how does water move through the ECF, interstitial fluid, and ICF?

A

water moves passively through channels or cells, no need for energy

22
Q

what is osmosis?

A

when solvents pass through the semipermeable membrane to get to the more concentrated area, this would equal the concentration on both sides

23
Q

what are 4 ways the body loses fluid?

A
  1. kidney
  2. skin
  3. gastrointestinal tract
  4. lungs
24
Q

how much fluid does the body loose daily?

A

2500 mL

25
Q

what happens when there is a disruption in solute concentration?

A

fluid accumulates in the interstitial, but then the lymphatic vessels drain the fluid into the venous circulation

26
Q

what are the 4 common electrolytes?

A
  1. sodium
  2. potassium
  3. calcium
  4. chloride
27
Q

where are the 4 common electrolytes located?

A

in the extracellular fluid

28
Q

where can the 4 common electrolytes move between?

A

can move between plasma & interstitial fluid through the semi permeable membrane

29
Q

what is the concentration relationship between plasma and interstitial fluid?

A

the concentrations of plasma & interstitial fluid are about the same

30
Q

what is needed when an ion can’t passively travel through the lipid membrane?

A

ions use transport protein channels to move through the phospholipid bilayer between the ECF & ICF

31
Q

what is another term for electrolyte?

A

ion

32
Q

what is the main location of sodium?

A

main extracellular fluid cation

33
Q

what is the symbol for sodium?

A

Na+

34
Q

what is the symbol for chloride?

A

Cl-

35
Q

what is the symbol for potassium?

A

K+

36
Q

what is the symbol for phosphate?

A

PO4-3

37
Q

what is the symbol for bicarbonate?

A

HCO3+

38
Q

what is the main location for chloride?

A

main extracellular fluid anion

39
Q

what is the main location for potassium?

A

main intracellular fluid cation

40
Q

what is the main location for phosphate?

A

main intracellular fluid anion

41
Q

what is the function for bicarbonate?

A

for acid/base balance

42
Q

why does water move passively?

A

in response to the osmotic gradient

Anatomy & Physiology (15 decks)

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