overview of fluid & electrolyte physiology Flashcards
what is the percent of solids in a normal adult male?
40%
what is the percent of solids in a normal adult male?
50%
what is the percent of water in a normal adult male?
60%
what is the percent of water in a normal adult female?
50%
what are the 2 reasons for the difference between the solid & water content in males & females?
- females have more adipose tissue
- males have more muscle mass
what is adipose tissue?
connective tissue made of fat cells called adipocytes
what are 4 examples of solids found in the body?
- proteins
- lipids
- carbs
- minerals
how many liters of water is found in a normal adult male?
40 liters
what is ECF?
extracellular fluid, fluid outside the cell
how much of the total body water does ECF make up?
1/3 of total body water, around 15 liters
what is ICF?
intracellular fluid, fluid inside the cell
how much of the total body water does ICF make up?
2/3 of total body water, around 25 liters
what is plasma?
fluid in circulation of the blood vessels
what is the percentage that plasma makes up in the ECF?
20%
what is it called when fluid is between cells?
interstitial fluid
what is the percentage that interstitial fluid makes up in the ECF?
80%
how does the body get its fluid?
from water & food
what is the main fluid input?
from the gastrointestinal tract
how much fluid input is needed daily?
2500 mL
what is the process of water entering into the body?
first water enters the ECF from the gastrointestinal tract, then water moves between the fluid compartments
how does water move through the ECF, interstitial fluid, and ICF?
water moves passively through channels or cells, no need for energy
what is osmosis?
when solvents pass through the semipermeable membrane to get to the more concentrated area, this would equal the concentration on both sides
what are 4 ways the body loses fluid?
- kidney
- skin
- gastrointestinal tract
- lungs
how much fluid does the body loose daily?
2500 mL
what happens when there is a disruption in solute concentration?
fluid accumulates in the interstitial, but then the lymphatic vessels drain the fluid into the venous circulation
what are the 4 common electrolytes?
- sodium
- potassium
- calcium
- chloride
where are the 4 common electrolytes located?
in the extracellular fluid
where can the 4 common electrolytes move between?
can move between plasma & interstitial fluid through the semi permeable membrane
what is the concentration relationship between plasma and interstitial fluid?
the concentrations of plasma & interstitial fluid are about the same
what is needed when an ion can’t passively travel through the lipid membrane?
ions use transport protein channels to move through the phospholipid bilayer between the ECF & ICF
what is another term for electrolyte?
ion
what is the main location of sodium?
main extracellular fluid cation
what is the symbol for sodium?
Na+
what is the symbol for chloride?
Cl-
what is the symbol for potassium?
K+
what is the symbol for phosphate?
PO4-3
what is the symbol for bicarbonate?
HCO3+
what is the main location for chloride?
main extracellular fluid anion
what is the main location for potassium?
main intracellular fluid cation
what is the main location for phosphate?
main intracellular fluid anion
what is the function for bicarbonate?
for acid/base balance
why does water move passively?
in response to the osmotic gradient
