Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy & Physiology > skin cancer and homeostatic imbalances > Flashcards

skin cancer and homeostatic imbalances Flashcards

1
Q

what is skin cancer?

A

when basale cells do mitosis rapidly due to overexposure of UV rays

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is basal cell carcinoma?

A

most common skin cancer, when basal cells cannot form keratin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

where does the cancer occur in basal cell carcinoma?

A

dermis and subcutaneous layer in areas exposed to the sun

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the treatment for basal cell carcinoma?

A

surgical removal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

where does squamous cell carcinoma develop?

A

in the stratum spinosum layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the 4 places squamous cell carcinoma is found?

A
  1. lips
  2. back of hands
  3. scalp
  4. ears
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the regular treatment for squamous cell carcinoma and what is the treatment when it gets very serious?

A

surgical removal for regular and radiation if it invades the lymph nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

where is malignant melanoma formed?

A

in melanocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is malignant melanoma?

A

most deadly skin cancer, can break off lymph vessels and blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the 4 treatments for malignant melanoma?

A
  1. surgical removal
  2. immunotherapy
  3. chemotherapy
  4. radiation therapy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what does the ABCDE rule in identifying skin cancer?

A

A - Asymmetry
B - Border irregularity
C - Color
D - Diameter
E - Evolving

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the A for in the ABCDE rule of skin cancer?

A

when you split the skin cancer in half, does it look the same on both sides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the B for in the ABCDE rule of skin cancer?

A

is the shape of the skin cancer round or irregular in shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the C for in the ABCDE rule of skin cancer?

A

is the skin cancer black or 2-toned

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the D for in the ABCDE rule of skin cancer?

A

is the diameter of the skin cancer larger than 6 mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the E for in the ABCDE rule of skin cancer?

A

does the skin cancer change in shape or size, does it bleed or itch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

between what times should someone not be in the sun?

A

between 10 AM and 4 PM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is another name for decubitus ulcers?

A

bedsores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is bedsores?

A

skin ulcer caused by the restriction of blood supply which is due to prolonged pressure in one area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what type of homeostatic imbalance is when poorly oxygenated blood causing skin to look blue?

A

cyanosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is acne?

A

infection of sebaceous glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is a whitehead?

A

sebum blocking sebaceous glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is a blackhead?

A

when a whitehead becomes oxidized which makes it change color

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is sebum?

A

an oily substance to keep skin moisturized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is another name for seborrhea?

A

cradle cap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what is a cradle cap?

A

on the scalp of a baby, sebum buildup causes it to become yellow and crusty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what is cold sores?

A

fluid filled blisters around mouth and genital areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what causes cold sores?

A

herpes simplex virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what happens when someone gets contact dermititis?

A

itchiness, redness, and swelling of skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what causes contact dermatitis?

A

exposure to chemicals (like poison ivy, oak)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what is a lesion?

A

damage to the tissue caused by trauma or disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what causes impetigo?

A

bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what is impetigo?

A

pink, water filled lesions which are around mouth & nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

what causes psoriasis?

A

overproduction of skin cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

what is the result of psoriasis?

A

dry, itchy, red patches

36
Q

what are the 3 pigments that contribute to skin color?

A
  1. melanin
  2. carotene
  3. hemoglobin
37
Q

what is the color range for melanin?

A

yellow, red-brown, black

38
Q

what is melanin responsible for and what does it cause?

A

responsible for the tanning of the skin, causing the more melanin you have, the darker you are

39
Q

how does the sun affect melanocytes?

A

it worsens melanin buildup

40
Q

what is the color range of carotene?

A

yellow, orange

41
Q

what are the 3 places carotene is found?

A
  1. carrots
  2. palms of hands
  3. soles of feet
42
Q

what vitamin is in carotene?

43
Q

what is carotene?

A

pigment found in plants to give it its color

44
Q

what are the 6 colors of hemoglobin?

A
  1. pale
  2. yellow
  3. blue
  4. pink
  5. bronze
  6. redness
45
Q

what hemoglobin is pale what does it mean?

A

pale color is caused by lack of blood

46
Q

what hemoglobin is yellow what does it mean?

A

caused by buildup of bile in the blood, also known as Jaundice

47
Q

what hemoglobin is blue what does it mean?

A

also known as cyanosis, is the lack of oxygen

48
Q

what hemoglobin is pink what does it mean?

A

it has a normal hue

49
Q

what hemoglobin is bronze what does it mean?

A

can be Addison’s disease which has a metallic appearance

50
Q

what hemoglobin is redness what does it mean?

A

can be erytheme, blushing, inflammation, hypertension

51
Q

what hemoglobin is dark purple, green, yellow in color and what is it?

A

bruises is when blood escapes & clots tissue space

52
Q

what is the hair, or pili made of?

53
Q

what is the function of the shaft of the hair?

A

shoots hair out from the skin

54
Q

what is the root of the hair for?

A

it is in the skin to show what type of hair it is (curly or straight)

55
Q

what is the function of the hair matrix for?

A

to grow new hair because it is rich in blood supply

56
Q

what 5 things are in the hair follicle?

A
  1. hair root
  2. nerve endings
  3. papilla, or the capillaries
  4. arrector pili which raises hair
  5. melanocytes give hair color
57
Q

what is the fine body hair on children and females called?

A

fine vellus

58
Q

what is terminal hair and how does it grow?

A

scalp hair and eyebrows grow in response to sex hormones (meaning more testorone, the more terminal hair)

59
Q

what is alopecia?

A

hair loss, new hairs don’t replace old hairs as quickly

60
Q

what is male pattern baldness?

A

a genetic and sex-influenced condition

61
Q

what are nails made of?

A

hard keratin

62
Q

what is the nail matrix for?

A

for new nail growth

63
Q

what is another term for eponychium?

64
Q

what is the function of the cuticle?

A

to protect nail matrix

65
Q

what is the function of the hyponychium?

A

attaches to underlying tissue/nail bed

66
Q

what is another term for sudiforous glands?

A

sweat glands

67
Q

where are sweat glands located?

A

entire body except for nipples and external genitalia

68
Q

how many sweat glands per person?

A

2.5 million per person

69
Q

what are the 3 types of sweat glands?

A
  1. eccrine
  2. apocrine
  3. sebaceous
70
Q

what are the 3 places eccrine sweat gland found?

A
  1. palms of hands
  2. soles of feet
  3. forehead
71
Q

what is the purpose of the eccrine sweat glands?

A

for temp regulation

72
Q

what kind of tissue is apocrine sweat gland?

A

stratified cuboidal tissue

73
Q

what are the 2 locations apocrine sweat glands are found?

A
  1. axillary (armpit)
  2. genital areas
74
Q

what is the purpose of apocrine sweat glands?

A

to make body odor made of decomposed fats and proteins

75
Q

what is another term for sebaceous glands?

A

oil glands

76
Q

where is sebaceous glands located?

A

all over body except palms of hands and soles of feet

77
Q

what does sebaceous glands secrete?

A

sebum (oil)

78
Q

what are the 2 functions of sebaceous glands?

A
  1. to smooth & soften hair + skin
  2. slows water loss
79
Q

what is a type of nerve ending?

A

cutaneous sensory receptors

80
Q

what do cutaneous sensory receptors do?

A

respond to stimuli

81
Q

what are the 5 types of cutaneous sensory receptors?

A
  1. meissner’s corpuscles
  2. pacinian receptors
  3. root hair plexuses
  4. bare nerve endings
  5. merkel discs
82
Q

what is meissner’s corpuscles?

A

in the superficial of the dermis, can sense light touch

83
Q

what is pacinian receptors?

A

in the deep of the dermis, detects pressure

84
Q

what does bare nerve endings do?

A

sense cold, heat

85
Q

where are merkel discs located and what is its function?

A

in basal layer, for fine special separation

Anatomy & Physiology (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions