ions in the body

Question 1

what are the main 6 ions in the human body?

Answer 1

1. sodium
2. potassium
3. calcium
4. magnesium
5. chloride
6. phosphate

Question 2

what is the symbol for sodium?

Answer 2

Na+

Question 3

what is the symbol for potassium?

Answer 3

K+

Question 4

what is the symbol for calcium?

Answer 4

Ca2+

Question 5

what is the symbol for magnesium?

Answer 5

Mg+2

Question 6

what is the symbol for chloride?

Answer 6

Cl-

Question 7

what is the symbol for phosphate?

Answer 7

PO4 -3

Question 8

how does sodium help in the nervous system?

Answer 8

conducts nerve impulses

Question 9

how does sodium affect the muscular system?

Answer 9

influences the contraction & relaxation of blood vessels

Question 10

what does sodium balance and regulate?

Answer 10

balances fluid & electrolytes
regulates blood pressure

Question 11

how does sodium affect cells?

Answer 11

helps cells uptake nutrients & water

Question 12

what are the 2 processes that potassium regulates?

Answer 12

1. intracellular osmolarity
2. acid-base balance

Question 13

what is the process that potassium maintains?

Answer 13

intracellular neutrality in response to H+ and Na+

Question 14

how does potassium affect the cardiovascular system?

Answer 14

by maintaining normal cardiac rhythm

Question 15

what does potassium help transport?

Answer 15

transports insulin in the cells

Question 16

how does potassium affect the muscular & skeletal system?

Answer 16

potassium influences muscular activity & nerve function

Question 17

how does calcium affect the skeletal system?

Answer 17

forms & keeps bones + teeth strong

Question 18

how does calcium affect the cardiovascular system?

Answer 18

supports normal blood circulation

Question 19

how does calcium affect the endocrine system?

Answer 19

by helping the body release hormones

Question 20

how does calcium affect the muscular system?

Answer 20

by helping in muscle contractions

Question 21

how does calcium affect the nervous system?

Answer 21

by helping the nerve carry messages between the brain & body

Question 22

what are the 2 ways the cardiovascular system is affected by magnesium?

Answer 22

1. lowering blood pressure
2. reducing heart rhythm problems

Question 23

what are the 3 ways magnesium affects the muscular system?

Answer 23

1. counteracts calcium
2. prevents over-excitability of muscles
3. reduces muscle cramps

Question 24

what are 2 ways the nervous system is affected by magnesium?

Answer 24

1. reduces the excitability of nerves
2. has a calming effect

Question 25

what are the 2 ways magnesium helps the metabolism in the body?

Answer 25

1. magnesium is needed for energy metabolism
2. needed for protein synthesis

Question 26

what are the 3 processes that chloride helps to regulate?

Answer 26

1. fluid & electrolytes
2. osmotic pressure
3. acid-base balance

Question 27

what does chloride combine with to make HCL and where does it combine?

Answer 27

combines with H+ in the stomach

Question 28

how do white blood cells use chloride?

Answer 28

WBC use chloride to kill invading bacteria

Question 29

how does chloride help the nervous system?

Answer 29

by assisting in the transmission of nerve impulses

Question 30

what are the 3 roles of phosphate in cells?

Answer 30

1. to help with cell growth
2. energy making
3. storing ATP

Question 31

what is the role of phosphate in the enzyme system?

Answer 31

responsible for many enzymatic reactions like glycolysis

Question 32

how does phosphates help in the skeletal system?

Answer 32

forms & keeps bones + teeth strong

Question 33

what are 3 things in the cell that have phosphate in them?

Answer 33

1. DNA & RNA (genetic material)
2. lipid bilayer of cell membrane
3. proteins

Question 34

what can phosphate act as?

Answer 34

as a buffer

Question 35

what does phosphate help maintain?

Answer 35

an acid-base balance

Question 36

what does phosphate help deliver?

Answer 36

deliver oxygen in the body