Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bioscience 2 > Types of Tissue 1: Epithelia > Flashcards

Types of Tissue 1: Epithelia Flashcards

1
Q

4 Basic Types of tissue

A
  • Epithelia
    – Connective tissue (e.g. Connective
    tissue proper, Bone, Cartilage, Blood,
    Lymph)
    – Muscle
    – Nervous tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Tissue Definition

A

an assemblage of similarly specialized cells united in performing a
specific function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how many tissues are needed to make an organ

A

2 or more

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the two types of epithelium

A

Proper epithelium
Glandular epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

proper epithelium function

A

covers and lines your outer and inner body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Glandular epithelium definition

A

forms your glands and secretes hormones and other substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where is epithelia found

A

Interface between compartments
Lines / covers all body surfaces and tubes
Glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Epithelium functions

A

Covering, lining and protecting surfaces
Performs absorption
Secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Epithelia specialised characteristics

A

Specialised cell to cell junctions
Polarised
Basement membrane
Avascular - don’t have own blood supply - rely on connective tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

3 epithelium cell types

A

Squamous cells, Cuboidal cells, Columnar cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Squamous cell function

A

Lining and diffusion
make thin membranes - fast absorption and diffusion
Endothelium = blood vessels and lymph
Mesothelium = body cavities linings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cuboidal cell function

A

absorb nutrients
produce secretions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

columnar cell functions

A

absorb nutrients
produce secretions
- more organelles, larger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is simple epithelium

A

one layer of cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is stratified epithelium

A

multiple layers of cells built on top of each other, like bricks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is pseudostratified epithelium

A

mostly just one layer of cells
cells with different shapes and sizes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is transitional epithelium

A

stratified epithelium that can accommodate stretching e.g. the bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Selective diffusion definition

A

transfer of gases, nutrients and waste products
between the blood and surrounding tissues.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What epithelia cells are used in selective diffusion

A

Usually simple squamous epithelia, to provide the smallest barrier to diffusion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What epithelia are used for absorption /secretion.
For example absorption of nutrients from the gut, and secretion of enzymes for digestion.

A

usually columnar epithelia, as the
cells contain lots of endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi, for secretion. They often have microvilli, to
increase the surface area of the apical surface for absorption.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What type of epithelia cells are used for physical protection.
For example, protecting underlying tissues from sunlight, heat, cold, abrasion, etc.

A

always stratified epithelia (many layers), and can
sometimes be keratinised on its apical surface, as in skin.
The keratin helps to waterproof the skin.

22
Q

What are the 3 different polarities of the cells?

A
  • Apical (lumen, modifications, microvillia, cilia etc)
  • Lateral (connect to neighbouring cells)
  • Basal (connect to basal lamina/basement membrane and underlying connective tissue)
23
Q

What is the basement membrane?

A

Basal surfaces of all epithelia rest on the basement membrane

24
Q

Functions of the basement membrane

A

Separates the epithelia from underlying connective tissue
Acts as a semipermeable filter
Important for the avascular cells

25
Q

What are the 4 apical cell specialisations

A
  • Microvilli
  • Cillia
  • Stereocillia
  • Keratin
    They have specialised structures
    projecting from their apical side to aid absorption or to move substances along the cell’s surface
26
Q

Functions of microvilli

A

Increase the apical surface area in cells.
Most developed in cells specialised for absorption (e.g. intestinal cells).

27
Q

What is celiac disease caused by?

A

No microvilli in the intestines

28
Q

Structure of microvilli

A

Fine, finger-like projections which contain a central core of microfilaments.

29
Q

Structure of cilia

A

Long, motile projections of the apical surface. longer than microvilli. They contain a core of
microtubules and beat synchronously.

30
Q

Location of cilia

A

They are found on cells lining the upper respiratory tract for example, where their rhythmic beating moves mucus upwards in the respiratory tract.

31
Q

Stereocilia definition

A

Mechano-sensing organelles of hair cells (found in the inner ear and male reproductive tract.)

A much less common type of apical process

Different from cilia, more closely related to
microvilli.

Secrete and reabsorb fluid in epididymis to transport spermatozoa.

32
Q

Stereocilia location

A

Found in inner ear and male reproductive tract

33
Q

Keratin location

A

found in areas susceptible to abrasion and water loss (i.e. skin).

34
Q

Keratin function

A

Layers of the intermediate filament protein keratin are found on the apical surface.

In the skin, basal cells divide and move out into the layers above.

As they reach the outer layers, they start to lose their nuclei and cytoplasmic organelles, the cells
degenerate and become ‘keratinized squames’ of the outer keratinized layer.

35
Q

Proper epithelium function

A

covers and lines your outer and inner body

36
Q

Glandular epithelium definition

A

forms your glands and secretes hormones and other substances

37
Q

Endocrine glands

A

secrete hormones straight into the bloodstream or nearby cells

38
Q

Exocrine glands

A

secrete juices into tubes or ducts that lead to the outside of the body

39
Q

Secretory epithelia function

A

Secretory cells synthesize, store and release:
* Proteins- e.g. in the pancreas
* Lipids- e.g. adrenal, sebaceous glands
* Complex of carbohydrates and proteins- e.g. salivary glands
* All the above - e.g. lactating mammary glands
Exocrine glands remain in connection to the surface epithlium so that it delivers its secretions as and when. Endocrine glands have lost that
connection completely.

40
Q

Cell to Cell junctions example

A

Desmosomes

41
Q

How are epithelial layers connected

A

Epithelial layers consist of packed and
continuous cells.
Little to no extracellular material- unlike connective tissue
So are connected by specialised cell to cell junctions e.g. desmosomes

42
Q

Desmosomes definition

A

Desmosomes are molecular complexes of cell adhesion proteins and linking proteins

43
Q

Desmosomes function

A

Specialized for cell-to-cell adhesion.
Lateral domain of the cells.
Help to resist shearing forces found in simple and stratified squamous epithelium.

44
Q

Desmosomes location

A

Scattered, spot-like attachment sites

45
Q

Basal membrane connections

A

In the basal domain there are a variation called Hemidesmosomes, an anchoring junction.

Very small stud- or rivet-like structures

46
Q

Hemidesmosomes

A

Contain a dense plaque on inner surface of the plasma membrane with keratin containing filament coursing out into the cytoplasm

47
Q

What is the stratum basale?

A

The deepest layer of the skin

Separated from the dermis by the basement membrane, attached to basement membrane by hemidesmosomes.

48
Q

What is the stratum corneum?

A

The outermost layer of the epidermis.

Is the barrier that prevents unwanted materials from entering the body and excessive loss of water.

49
Q

What is the stratum spinosum?

A

8-10 cell layers (known as prickle cell layer)
Helps make skin flexible and strong.

50
Q

What is the stratus lucidum?

A

Smooth, seemingly translucent layer of the epidermis.
Reduces friction
(located above stratum granulosum and below stratum corneum)

51
Q

What is the stratum granulosum?

A

3-5 cell layers
Forms waterproof barrier helps to prevent fluid loss from the body.

Bioscience 2 (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions