Introduction to Body Tissues, Organs + Organ Systems Flashcards
What is the definition of a tissue?
a collection of cells and their products in which one cell predominates
What is the definition of an organ?
A distinct collection of tissues forming a structure within an animal which is adapted to perform a specific purpose
What is the definition of a system?
A collection of organs and tissues which are related by function
What are the 3 basic components of tissues?
Cells
Intercellular substances
Body fluids
What is a feature of the cells of a tissue?
One type of cell forms the majority, and gives the tissue type its name.
e.g. muscle tissue consists mostly of muscle
cells
Where is the intercellular substances making up a tissue produced?
Produced by the cells and lie in the space between them
What is the body fluid making up a tissue?
Interstitial fluid flows through specialised channels running through the tissue
What are the 3 layers in the embryo that all adult tissues develop from?
- Ectoderm
- Endoderm
- Mesoderm
What is derived from the ectoderm?
Outer surface, Central nervous system, Neural crest
e.g. Epidermis, CNS, PNS, Melanocytes
What is derived from the endoderm?
Digestive tube, Pharynx, Respiratory tube
e.g. Gut, Lungs, Liver, Pancreas, Gall bladder,
Thymus, Thyroid
What is the derived from the mesoderm?
Dorsal, Paraxial, Intermediate, Lateral, Head
e.g. Notocord, Muscle, Bone, Dermis, Heart,
Kidney, Somatic Gonad, Vasculature, Blood
What are the 4 primary types of tissues that make up the entire body?
- Epithelial tissue
- Connective tissue (support)
- Muscle tissue
- Nervous tissue
What is the structure and an example of epithelial tissue?
Cells adjacent with little matrix
e.g. skin (epidermis), lining of hollow organs +
tubes, glandular epithelium
Where is Hyaline cartilage found?
Found in growing long bones, trachea, bronchi, articulating surfaces of bone in synovial joints, cartilage of nose and in larynx.
What is hyaline cartilage made up of?
Consists of a sparse number of chondrocytes within a matrix if proteoglycans and collagen fibres.
Where is fibrocartilage found?
Found in intervertebral disks and in the pubic symphysis
Collagen fibres are arranged in thick bundles able to withstand large pressure
What is the structure and an example of connective tissue?
Abundant extracellular matrix, strong - for support
e.g. bone, cartilage, tendon, loose connective tissue
What is the structure and an example of muscle tissue?
Highly contractile cells create movement
e.g. striated, cardiac, smooth
What is the structure and an example of muscle tissue?
Conduct electrical signals (action potentials) along cell membranes
e.g. brain & spinal cord, cranial nerves,
peripheral nerves, ganglia
What type of tissue is bone?
Bone is a connective tissue
What cells is bone mostly made up of?
Contains various cell types but osteocytes / osteoblasts / osteoclasts predominate