Types of Bonds and Compounds Flashcards
Ionic bonds
transfer e- between elements with large difference in electronegativity. Usually metal with nonmetal. (Although polyatomic ions can be made with all nonmetals)
Covalent bonds
sharing of electrons between two elements with similar electronegativity. Usually between two NON-metals
cations
positively charges atoms
anions
negatively charged atoms
atoms that have a charge on them are called?
ion (cation+ and anion-)
ionic compounds
metal and nonmetal. Typically the metal gives away its e- to a nonmetal
are polyatomic ions ionic or molecular compounds when they bond together?
ionic compounds even though they don’t contain metals. They are the exceptions
molecular compounds
nonmetal and nonmetal bond. They SHARE their e-
1) Shared evenly there is no charge -Nonpolar Covalent Bonds
2) Shared unevenly there is partial negative and positive charges charges -Polar Covalent Bonds
Electronegativity increases what way on periodic table?
Increases as you move up and to the right on the periodic table (exclude noble gases)
How do molecular compounds decide what atom gets more of a positive charge and more of a negative charge?
Whichever atom has a larger electronegativity, will get the partially negative charge.
Polar Covalent bonds?
partial negative and positive charges on atoms
Ex: water, O partially- and H partially+
Nonpolar Covalent bonds?
When nonmetal atoms bonded together do NOT have significant electronegativity difference between them so they do NOT have partial charges
Ionic bond properties
high MP, high BP, brittle, hard, kept together by ionic interactions (lattice energy)
Ex: NaCl, MgO
Molecular bond properties
low MP, do not conduct electricity, kept together by intermolecular forces
Ex: H20 (polar), Cl2 (nonpolar)
network covalent bond properties
high MP, high BP, hard, do not conduct electricity
Ex: C (diamond, graphite), SiO2 (quartz)
