Periodic Trends Flashcards
periods
are rows on periodic table
groups
are columns on periodic table
alkali metals location and properties?
Group 1. low ionization energies, react explosively with water (Exothermic, always forms H2 gas), form ionic compounds
alkaline earth metals location and properties?
Group 2. low ionization energies, don’t react as violently with water, get more reactive with water as you go down the group
halogens location and properties?
Group 17 (with F, Clm BR, etc).highly electronegative, high electron affinities, highly reactive with metals, good oxidizing agents (they want to be reduced aka Gain Electron -GER)
noble gases
Group 18. inert (unreactive) gases
Transition metals located where? Form _____ compounds?
D block elements. form colorful compounds due to the way their d-orbitals behave
oxygen group, makes a good _____ agent?
O2 is a good oxidizing agent, but O3 is even better oxidizing agent. Likes to react with metals to form metaloxides
Metals make up _____ of the periodictable? Except where?
most of the periodic table, except top right corner and H
nonmetals are found where on periodic table?
top right corner + H
Metalloids are located where on periodic table?
create a diagonal line from B down to At in bottom right corner
atomic radius
the distance from a nucleus of an atom to the outside of its outermost orbital
bond length
the distance between two bonded atom’s nuclei
Why do atoms get larger as you go down a group?
higher energy shells “n” shell = larger size
Why do atoms get smaller as you move across a period, from left to right?
greater effective nuclear charge = smaller size. In other words, the more electronegative an atom (the more an element wants an e-), the smaller the atom. There are more protons to attract e- as you move left to right BUT you’re still in the same shell, so the protons hold everything closer/tighter together (smaller).
