General and Lab Concepts Review Flashcards
atom
smallest unit of life
molecule
atom bonded to at least one other atom
ion
atom that has lost or gained an electron
compound
a molecule that has two or more DIFFERENT atoms bonded together
What are the diatomic elements?
H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2
-they make the number 7 on the periodic table
allotropes
elemental molecules with different formulas but the same atom
-such as O2 and O3 or S6, S8, S12
ionic compounds
a metal and a nonmetal bonded together
- contain ionic bonds
- can be polyatomic too
molecular compounds
two or more nonmetals bonded together
-contain covalent bonds
polyatomic elements
are obviously the diatomic elements and allotropes because there is more than one atom in its natural state, can be ionic compounds as well
why are diatomic elements given a specific name and not just called allotropes?
Diotomic elements HAVE to exist in nature as a group of 2, allotropes do NOT have to have more than one atom to exist
naming ionic compounds
Ex: FeCl2
1) name the metal
2) write the metal’s oxidation state as a Roman numeral in parenthesis
3) Name thenonmetal usingan “ide” ending
Ex: Iron (2) Chloride, FeCl2
Naming molecular compounds
Ex: N2O
1) give the appropriate numerical prefix to the first element
2) Name the first element using its regular name on the periodic table
3) Give the appropriate numerical prefix to the second element
4) Name the nonmetal using an “ide” ending
Ex: dinitrogen monoxide, N2O
Naming binary acids
Ex: HCl
1) Hydro-
2) Insert the name of element #2, replacing the “-ine” with “-ic acid”
Ex: hydrochloric acid, HCl
Naming oxyacids using HClO4, HClO2, HClO, HClO3
HClO - ‘hypo’chlor’ous’ acid
HClO2- chlor’ous’ acid
HClO3– chlor’ic’ acid
HClO4- ‘per’chlo’ic’ acid
When naming molecular compounds, do you ever use the prefix “mono”for the first element?
NO, only for the second element, but you can use all the other prefixes forthe first element
