Type II Diabetic Drugs

Question 1

Metformin

Answer 1

Activates AMPK which causes a delay in glucose absorption in the intestines, stimulates muscle uptake and inhibits liver gluconeogenesis. First-line treatment.

Question 2

Sulfonylureas

Answer 2

Decrease insulin resistance by stimulating beta cells by blocking the ATP-sensitive K+ channel. Can lead to beta cell hypertrophy. SE: hypoglycemia, weight gain, nausea, vomiting.

Question 3

Megalitinides

Answer 3

Inhibit ATP-sensitive K+ channel in beta cells. SE: hypoglycemia, weight gain.

Question 4

Acarbose

Answer 4

Inhibits alpha glucosidase decreasing intestinal glucose absorption. SE: flatulence, diarrhea.

Question 5

Thiazolidinedines

Answer 5

Bind PPR alpha and increase GLUT4 transcription leading to increased glucose uptake. SE: increased risk of heart attack, bladder cancer, weight gain and decreased bone density. Not given to cardiac patients.

Question 6

GLP-1-R agonists

Answer 6

Stimulate beta cells and cause insulin secretion. SE: decreased appetite, hypoglycemia, nausea, vomiting.

Question 7

DPP-4 inhibitors

Answer 7

DPP breaks down GLP, thus there is more insulin secretion. SE: nausea, vomiting, hypoglycemia, respiratory tract infections.

Question 8

SGLT-2 inhibitors

Answer 8

Inhibit glucose reabsorption transporter in the kidney leading to increased glucose excretion. SE: increased diuresis, hypoglycemia, increased risk of a UTI.

Question 9

Name 8 drugs to treat type II diabetes

Answer 9

Metformin, sulfonylureas, megalitinide, acarbose, thiazolidinedines, GLP-1-R agonists, DPP-4-inhibitors, SGLT-2 inhibitors.