Contraceptives

Question 1

Combined hormonal contraception

Answer 1

Estradiol and progesterone preparations, decrease FSH and LH, leading to thickening of the endometrium to prevent implantation and increased cervical mucosal thickness which prevents sperm entry. SE: bleeding, mood changes, pregnancy, vaginal symptoms, increased risk of venous thrombosis, cancer risk, more for breast and cervical, less for uterine and ovarian.

Question 2

Progestin preparations

Answer 2

Decrease LH which prevents ovulation and thickens cervical mucosal secretions to prevent sperm entry. SE: spotting, mood changes, pregnancy, increased risk of venous thrombosis, cancer risk, same for breast and cervical, decreased endometrial.
Low dose is a pill and less effective. Medium or high dose is injected and much more effective.

Question 3

Copper or hormone spirals

Answer 3

Copper is toxic to sperm, hormone spirals slowly release hormone which prevents fertilization by thickening cervical mucosal secretions to prevent perm entry.

Question 4

Emergency contraceptives

Answer 4

Levonorgestrol - inhibits an imminent ovulation.
Copper spirals - toxic to sperm
SE: nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain.
Low efficacy

Question 5

Name 4 contraceptives

Answer 5

Combined hormonal contraceptives, progestin preparations, copper or hormonal spirals, emergency contraceptives.