Type 2 Diabetes (lecture 5)

Question 1

What are the 4 factors associated with T2D

Answer 1

Genetics
Age
Obesity
Physical inactivity

Question 2

What is insulin secretion?

Answer 2

Insulin secretion describes the rate at which the pancreatic beta-cells secrete insulin into the blood

Question 3

What is Insulin sensitivity?

Answer 3

Insulin sensitivity describes the rate of metabolism in tissues in response to insulin. Insulin resistance is where sensitivity is reduced.

Question 4

The key pathogenesis of T2D?

Answer 4

Failed pancreatic beta-cell function (which leads to chronic hyperglycemia).

Question 5

Key trigger of T2D?

Answer 5

Insulin resistance

Question 6

How is T2D characterized?

Answer 6

HbA1c more than 6.5
Fasted glucose over 7mmol/l
OGTT over 11.1mmol/l

Question 7

The consequences of hyperglycemia in T2D?

Answer 7

Diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy and stroke (2-4X)

Question 8

How would you treat T2D?

Answer 8

Key is to normalize blood glucose levels (HbA1c less than 7)

Question 9

Guidelines for the prevention/delay of T2D?

Answer 9

Moderate intensity guidelines to be followed

Question 10

What did a Study looking at physical inactivity and insulin sensitivity find?

Answer 10

2 weeks of inactivity led to 50% decrease in insulin sensitivity

Question 11

How does PA prevent/treat hyperglycemia?

Answer 11

.Improved beta-cell function
.increased muscle glucose disposal
.decreased hepatic glucose output
.increased insulin sensitivity (muscle,liver, adipose)