Caveats To PA -inter-individual variability (lecture 10)

Question 1

What disease is known for having a large inter-individual variability?

Answer 1

Type 2 diabetes, in particular the hyperglycemia-lowering effects of exercise.

Studies have found no significant improvement in HbA1c following 3-4 months of regular PA

Question 2

What did Solomon et al (2013) find?

Answer 2

Looked into pre-diabetic and T2D subjects, and reduced their calories by 500kcal/day and increased their PA

90% improved fitness and lost weight
61% improved HbA1c, 67% improved fasting glucose, 64%improve 2 hour glucose. Study demonstrates the large inter-individual variability in exercise in T2D

Question 3

What factors could be at play when looking at hyperglycemia-lowering effects of T2D?

Answer 3

A variety of factors are relevant but in a controlled lab setting only beta-cell glucotoxicity is at play (chronic hyperglycemia, chronic low-grade inflammation, insulin secretory dysfunction)

Question 4

What is the association of insulin secretory function and blood glucose control?

Answer 4

Negatively correlated (r=-0.35)

Question 5

What is the association between baseline level of blood glucose control and insulin secretory function?

Answer 5

Negative correlation (r=-0.51)

Question 6

What did Knudsen (2015) find?

Answer 6

Separated participants into good (6.5 HbA1c) glucose control. Found that only those T2D patients with good glucose control had an insulin secretory function that was improved by PA