New Material

Question 1

What did the study of Hill et al (2003) and Hall et al (2011) look at?

Answer 1

Showed the distribution of weight gain over an 8 year period, an imbalance of 100kcal/day would produce the 14-16lb increase. (Hall was 207kcal excess)

1mile walk/day is the same as 100kcal

Question 2

What did Hendelman et al (2000) discover in reference to calibrating accelerometer costs?

Answer 2

Got 25 participants to have their O2 measured during walking and running to calibrate the triaxial and uniaxial accelerometers outputs for each individual
Figures showed 31-57% underestimation of actual oxygen consumption

Question 3

Name two other ways to measure physical activity?

Answer 3

A) Travel diaries
B) direct observation

Other examples include Godin leisure time index, arbitrage, Lawton Connor and mceachan

Question 4

Is pa continuing to decrease? Is sedentary time increasing?

Answer 4

MET hours are decreasing but so are the sedentary time hours (apart from one line) - NG and Popkin (2012)

Question 5

What does the NHANES data tell us?

Answer 5

That automobile and domestic machine sales are increasing alongside obesity rates in the US

Question 6

Does physical inactivity increase risk of type 2 diabetes?

Answer 6

Yes, must walk over 3,500 steps per day to confer protection.

Relative risk is 1 for those who have parents with diabetes and are inactive

Question 7

What did the Van der Ploeg (2014) find?

Answer 7

Showed that standing for more than 8 hours per day reduces mortality but standing less that 2 hours is not good

Question 8

Alongside performing PA at the recommended amount every weeks, what other approaches can be used to prevent/delay/treat T2D?

Answer 8

Metformin therapy particularly in those with a BMI of obese 2, or younger than 60

Ongoing dietary support aiming to cut 7% of bw

Question 9

What did Solomon et al (2015) find in reference to VO2 Max???

Answer 9

That high VO2 Max was associated with low HbA1c, low fasting glucose, low 2H OGTT glucose, high insulin sensitivity and high beta-cell function

Question 10

What did Solomon et al (2015) find in reference to VO2 Max???

Answer 10

That high VO2 Max was associated with low HbA1c, low fasting glucose, low 2H OGTT glucose, high insulin sensitivity and high beta-cell function

Question 11

What did Solomon et al (2008) and Solomon et al (2009) find in terms of effect of PA on metabolic syndrome criteria?

Answer 11

Got 22 older, obese pre diabetic individuals and split them into either eucaloric and hypocaloric groups. Both groups did the moderate guidelines of activity.

Vo2 Max went up, bmi decreased, TG decreased , and fasting glucose decreased