Critical Illness (lecture 9)

Question 1

What is deconditioning?

Answer 1

A loss of musculoskeletal function where muscle atrophy occurs, typically as a result of bed rest

Question 2

What lower limb muscle wastes most during deconditioning and why?

Answer 2

Soleus wastes the most, reason is due timid or recruitment, it undergoes the greatest reduction in daily weight hearing load and hence wastes the most

Question 3

What does bed rest do to bones?

Answer 3

It decreases the bone mineral density which increases the risk of fractures and and immobility can lead to limited joint movement.

Question 4

What does deconditioning do to the cardiovascular system?

Answer 4

Reduced cardiovascular function due to the body not having to battle against gravity. The cv system requires constant stimulation.

Question 5

What have studies found when looking at bed rest and VO2 Max?

Answer 5

A negative correlation of (r= -0.73) with a -0.9% change per day over a 30 day period.

Question 6

How to minimize the negative effects of bed rest and why?

Answer 6

Physical therapy must be used, it improves physical function and also respiratory/peripheral muscle strength

Also reduces ICU length of stay but must be started within 48 hours of admission

Question 7

What happens to the body in a microgravity environment (space)?

Answer 7

The relative force of gravity is very small so there is a reducing load on the muscles so they atrophy, also bone mineral density decreased and metabolism is altered