Type 1 Diabetes (lecture 8)

Question 1

What are the factors associated with the incidence of T1D?

Answer 1

• polygenetic predisposition
• loss of beta cell mass
• environmental factors

Question 2

What leads to pathogenesis of T1D

Answer 2

Pancreatic beta-cell destruction as a result of immune dystegulation

Question 3

What is required for the diagnosis for T1D?

Answer 3

Chronic hyperglycemia, lack of a C-peptide measurement (

Question 4

Is T1D an autoimmune disease?

Answer 4

Yes. It is almost certain that the autoimmune process in T1D leads to a chronic inflammatory state

Question 5

What preventative clinical approaches have been looked into?

Answer 5

• T - cell suppression (autoimmune suppression)
• Antagonists against inflammatory cytokines (inflammatory suppression)

Need to use a combination of both

Question 6

Treatment goals for T1D?

Answer 6

Same as T2D in reference to normalizing blood glucose levels, but since destruction of pancreatic beta cells leading to inability to secrete insulin is the main issue, one must inject insulin.

Question 7

Is physical activity still encouraged in T1D patients?

Answer 7

Yes, it can:

• increase muscle glucose uptake which lowers blood glucose levels
• increase muscle sensitivity to insulin which requires less frequent injections
• helps prevent beta-cell loss

Question 8

What negative effect can be experienced in exercise in T1D?

Answer 8

Risk of hypoglycemia, both during and after exercise.

Exercise increase sensitization to insulin which causes hypoglycemia if a patient over-insulinises or under carbs