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Leaving Cert Geography - > Two Contrasting Irish Regions > Flashcards

Two Contrasting Irish Regions Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the peripheral region

A

The west

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2
Q

What are the counties in the west

A

Galway
Mayo
Roscommon

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3
Q

What does category one status in the EU mean

A

The area revive the maximum levels of assistance through grants

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4
Q

What is the largest urban centre of the west

A

Galway city

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5
Q

Galway city population

A

75500

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6
Q

Climate in the west

Features of this climate

A

Cool temperature oceanic
Small temperature rain
North Atlantic drift gives a warm current
Relief rainfall in mountains

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7
Q

West temperatures

A

4-6° in winter

15-17°c summer

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8
Q

Rainfall in west

A

1000-1250 mm per year

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9
Q

Rivers in the west

A

Moy
Corrib
Shannon

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10
Q

Lakes in west

A

Corrib
Mask
Conn

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11
Q

Drainage in west

A

Bad

Impermeable rock

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12
Q

Relief in west

A

Mountaineous

Lowland in east

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13
Q

Examples of mountains in west

What period of folding

A

12 pins
Croag Patrick
Caledonian 400mya

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14
Q

Soils in west

A

Podzols ; form due to heavy rain and leaching (hardpan -waterlogging)

Blanket and mountain peat; marshy, infertile, waterlogged

Lowland gleys ; severe saturation of clay soils. Lack oxygen. Bad for veg,

Acidic brown earths: too acidic due to rainfall

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15
Q

% of people making a living on farming in west

A

14%

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16
Q

Factors affecting agriculture in the west

A 
High precipitation 
Unfavourable relief
Infertile soils
Farms are small (25 hectares)
Farmers are old (60% over 55)
50% farmers part time
Outmigration
Peripheral location makes it isolated from EU market
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17
Q

Types of agriculture in the west

A

Pastoral farming
Rough grazing
Tillage (only 0.5% used for cereals)

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18
Q

% of Ireland currently covered by forest

A

10%

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19
Q

National development plan want to increases forest % to

A

15%

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20
Q

How many trees planted in west

A

50000 by collite

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21
Q

Why plant trees in west

A

Land more profitable for forestry

Government and EU give grants to farmers who give some land for tree planting

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22
Q

How many people employed by fishing in the west

A

2000

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23
Q

Why is west ideal for fishing

A

Indented coastline - sheltered bays
North Atlantic drift keeps coastline ice free
Shallow continental shelf perfect

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24
Q

West’s largest fishing port

A

Rossaveal

Galway

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25
Q

Aquaculture companies in the west

A

An crompan
Kilcummin
Connemara

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26
Q

Ireland’s aquaculture ranked what in EU

A

6th highest

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27
Q

Where was gas found in west

A

Corrib gas field

Mayo coast

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28
Q

Where is mayo gas brought

A

Gas networks Ireland for distribution throughout the country but development has been halted due to local opposition

29
Q

What is the secondary sector

A

The the economy manufactures finished goods

30
Q

Why are manufacturing industries less developed in the west

A

Poor infrastructure (little motorways etc)
Isolation from Europe
Unskilled workforce
Small market close by

31
Q

Government solutions to manufacturing industries being less developed in the west

A

Irish development authority promote country as attractive by offering grants and incentives

Údarás na Gaeltacha- social, economic and cultural development of Gaeltacht areas

Eu gave region objective 1 status enabling it to receive maximum grant aid through European regional development fund

32
Q

Range of manufacturing in west

A 
Resource bases (meat and fish processing)
Traditional and consumer industries (textile, bakeries)
Industrial estates (eg Westport)
Foreign industries (located during Celtic tiger, eh Boston scientific)
33
Q

Why was Galway more attractive to mnc

A 
Region capital
Nodal point
NUIG and GMIT highly skilled workers
Modern communications
Population increase of 50% during Celtic tiger
34
Q

Talk about tourism in west

A

Seasonal
2 million tourists annually
Access to region underdeveloped but services there are developed
Areas of natural beauty
Hill walking (Connemara)
Festivals (Galway international oyster and seafood festivals)
Cultural assets eg Gaeltacht (20000 students year)
Religious tourism eg knock

35
Q

Challenges for tourism in the west

A

Economic slowdown
Too far from dub,in airport
Decline of trans-Atlantic flights to Shannon airport

36
Q

Future expansion for tourism in the west

A

Main aim of 2007-2013 NDP
niche tourism (walking, golfing, surfing)
Most tourist want to travel by air x more flights to west airports
European cruises include Galway stop

37
Q

About transport in west

A 
New national primary roads
Connected to Dublin by M6
Money being spent upgrading coastal roads 
Trains to Leinster daily 
Lacks major ports 
Knock airport used by 1 million a year 
Department of fianace gives money to it
Galway had an airport but closed due to liquidation of its main business partner Aran air
38
Q

Population density in Galway before famine

A

72 people per Km

39
Q

How did population decline in the west

A

Famine, most people were poorer potato farmers so these people were hit hardest.
People has to emigrate. 16% of Galway emigrated compared to the 6% in Dublin
Increased a bit when Ireland joined the EU but declined again in recession
Grew back in Celtic tiger

40
Q

Population density in Galway now

A

34%

41
Q

Why is population density so low in west

A

Physical aspects eg mountainous terrain, infertile soils

Younger people migrate - ageing population and brain drain

42
Q

Why is the GDA a core region

A

Focal/nodal point
Financial and administrative capital with government
Well drained lowland with fertile soils
High population density and in migration
Attracts industry as it has a young educated workforce

43
Q

Climate in GDA

A

Cool temperate oceanic climate
Rainfall: 750mm a year (higher in Wicklow mountains)
Temp: 5-15° on average

44
Q

Relief in GDA

A

Most low and gently sloping

Wicklow Dublin mountains hinder development south

45
Q

Drainage in GDA

A

Liffey runs through Dublin and Kildare

Other rivers include Boyne, nanny

46
Q

Soils in GDA

A

Mostly fertile brown earth soils
Irrigated by rivers
Alluvium rich
Peaty soils in mountainous areas

47
Q

How many people living in GDA are employed in agriculture

A

3%

48
Q

Difference between agriculture in GDA and west

A

Dublin farming are highly productive and specialised

Commercial methods and high yield, optimum output.

49
Q

Climate in GDA for farming

A

Summer ave 16%
2 hours more sunshine a day than west
Lower levels of rainfall 750mm
Rare frost

50
Q

Relief in GDA ideal for farming

A

Lowland - easily accessible by machinery
Not exposed to high winds
Soil temperature warmer

51
Q

Soils ideal for farming in GDA

A

Brown earth soils,

Stoneless ans easily worked, less labour intensive

52
Q

Human factors affecting agriculture in GDA

A

Commercial nature - ageing framers, land abandonment and outdated practices aren’t a problem
Average age of 37
Well educated farmers in both farming and business
Market orientated and scientific approach to farming
Larger farm size
Highly mechanised
Larger scale than west
Big market for freshly produced food

53
Q

Types of agriculture in the GDA

A

Market gardening - plants and veg. Eg Keeling’s
Arable - cereals
Cattle -Meath
Bloodstock industry - horse breeding, calcium rich soils for healthy bones
Sheep raring - slopes of Wicklow as land unsuitable for crops

54
Q

Forestry in GDA

A

Wicklow most popular

North facing slopes used for tree growth

55
Q

Fishing in GDA

A

Has declined
Just 2% of Ireland’s total catch came this year
Howth is largest in GDA - 6th largest in Ireland
Irish seas more polluted than Atlantic Ocean

56
Q

Average farm size in west vs GDA

A

GDA - 42

West - 25

57
Q

% of farming in west that is cereals

A

.5 %

58
Q

% of Ireland’s industrial workforce in GDA

A

40%

59
Q

Jobs lost in total during recession GDA

A

60000

60
Q

% of Ireland’s manufacturing plants in GDA

A

25

61
Q

How many industries set up in GDA during Celtic tiger

A

900

62
Q

Why is GDA attractive to foreign industry

A 
Strong agricultural sector feeds into food processing industry - large Dublin market
Transport hub 
New industrial estates 
Young, highly educated workforce 
Offer incentives like low tax
63
Q

% of all college graduates based in GDA

A

80%

64
Q

% of GDA workforce under 25

A

45%

65
Q

Ireland’s tax for industry

A

12.5%

66
Q

% of workers in Dublin City working in services

A

80%

67
Q

Number of overseas visitors to Dublin in 2015

A

4.9 million

68
Q

Why do tourists go to GDA

A 
Most accessible, airport, ports
History eg newgrange, Dublin buildings
Tayto Park
Sport - fairyhouse, k club, curragh, Glendalough hikes
Coast towns
Art 
Concerts and sporting events in Dublin
69
Q

Transport in GDA

A 
DART
LÚAS
Intercity rail
Port tunnel
Quality bus corridors
Dublin bikes
Dublin airport 
Dublin port

Leaving Cert Geography - (23 decks)

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