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Leaving Cert Geography - > Geoecology - Biomes > Flashcards

Geoecology - Biomes Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a biome

A

A large area of the earths surface where climate, soil, natural vegetation and animal life are inter related

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2
Q

How are biomes names

A

Dominant vegetation found in it

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3
Q

Where does tropical rainforest biome lie

A

In the tropics close to the equator

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4
Q

Country with the worlds greatest diversity of plant and animal life

A

Madagascar

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5
Q

Continents where there are rainforest

A

Central and south americañ
Africa
Australasia

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6
Q

Function of rainforest to planter

A

Produce 30% of our fresh water by transpiration
Has greatest diversity of biodiversity on planet
Provide oxygen

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7
Q

Rainforest in Brazil

A

Amazon

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8
Q

River in amazon rainforest

A

Amazon river

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9
Q

Climate at amazon rainforest

A

Tropical/ equatorial climate

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10
Q

Why is it sunny at tropical climate

A

Region of maximum solar heating on earths surface
Sunlight strikes at 90° angle.
12 hours sunlight a day

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11
Q

Average temperature in tropical climate

A

27°

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12
Q

Why is there tropical conventional rainfall

A

Large heat causes moisture to evaporate. It rises and cools forming heavy rain

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13
Q

Annual rainfall in amazon

A

2500 to 6600mm a year

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14
Q

What will warmer weather with climate change mean for amazon

A

Drying months will be prolonged leading to widespread drying

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15
Q

What will climate change results in for animals in rainforest

A

Unlikely to find suitable environment if they can’t move fast enough eg sloth

Temperature dependent species eg fish, distribution will change

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16
Q

Zonal soil associated with tropical rainforest biome

A

Latosol

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17
Q

WHere are nutrients found in soil in rainforest

A

Close to surface (O horizon)
Humification happens quickly due to heat and humidity
Plants use nutrients quickly
Quick nutrient cycle

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18
Q

What soils develop when latosols are heated

A

Laterite

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19
Q

Colour of latosols

A

Red

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20
Q

Ph of latosols

A

Acidic

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21
Q

Latosols humus content

A

Low,

Rapid production and rapid uptake by plants

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22
Q

What layer of rainforest do most animals live in

A

Canopy

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23
Q

Why does rainforest have every green appearance despite containing deciduous trees

A

Trees have different growing seasons

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24
Q

Tropical rainforest trees example

A

Mahogany
Palm oil
Brazil nut

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25
Q

4 layers of the rainforest

A

Emergent layer
Canopy layer
Understory
Forest floor

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26
Q

Who lives on forest floor

A

Indigenous people
Gorilla
Jaguar
Anteater

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27
Q

Who lives in understory

A

Insects
Snakes
Lizards
Birds in hollows of trees

28
Q

How high up is canopy layer

A

20-40m

29
Q

Who lives in canopy layer

A 
Insects,
Spiders
Birds
Monkey 
Vines
Moses
30
Q

How high up is emergent layer

A

40-80m

31
Q

Who lives in emergent layer

A

Birds

Tree tops

32
Q

how do leaves adapt to heavy rainfall

A

Flexible leaves and branches
Oily coating / waxy
Holes

33
Q

How do vegetation adapt to hot temp

A

Smooth, thin bark

No need for protection from water loss like in freezing temperatures

34
Q

Adaptions of vegetation to soil

A

Shallow root system because of quick nutrient cycle

Burgess roots and stilt roots to support tall trees

35
Q

How many insect species in amazon

A

30mklliom

36
Q

How have animals adapted to layer

A

Good at flying/jumping as some never touch forest floor eg Spider monkey, tail can wrap around branch and acts as another arm

37
Q

When is the dry seasons

A

June to October

38
Q

How has an animal adapted to the climate

A

Dry season - river levels drop and sandy banks exposed. Opportunity for Giant Amazon river turtle to find a high point and lay eggs, hot sand used as incubator

As climate changes seasons change and turtles may not be vale to adapt quick enough

39
Q

How can some species of frog live away from ponds and river

A

High humidity level

40
Q

What animals use camouflage

A

Moths, stick insects

For protection from predators

41
Q

Depth of soil

A

40m

42
Q

How many species of tree in amazon

A

2500

43
Q

Why has deforestation increase in amazon rainforest

A

The construction of the trans-amazonian Highway

44
Q

How much of the rainforest remains

A

87%

45
Q

Why are rainforests been cleared in Amazon

A

Agriculture
Building materials
Cattle ranching

46
Q

What is the largest cause for deforestation in the Amazon rainforest

A

Cattle ranchung

47
Q

How much does cattle ranching account for percentagewise of the deforestation

A

75%

48
Q

What crops are being grown in the cut done land

A

Cash crops e.g. soya beans

49
Q

Impact of deforestation on the biome

A

Loss of habitat for millions of species
Lack of possible medicinal ingredients
Increases the speed of climate change
Desertification of soil

50
Q

Why will the extinction of one species in the biome affect others

A

The plants and animals in the biome a part of a complex web of interdependence

51
Q

Percentage of species of plants that have been tested for medicinal ingredients

A

1%

52
Q

How does deforestation increase climate change

A

Rainforest = lungs of earth, producing oxygen and absorbing harmful greenhouse gases
Create water vapour through transpiration

53
Q

How much water vapour does each tree produce a year

A

775 L

54
Q

Why will deforestation cause disertification

A

Tree roots help bond soil and absorb water in tropical rainfall
Leaf fall give plant litter for humus
Exposes soil to wind and sun
Sun-dried out and forms hard brick like laterite

55
Q

How does government control deforestation

A

Expand the area is protected

Establish task force IBAMA

56
Q

Example of cash crop in Brazil

A

SoyaI bean

57
Q

Where are Brazil soya bean sent

A

Europe for animal feed

58
Q

How is the ranching not suitable for Amazon rainforest soil

A

The grass cuddles need deplete the soil of its nutrients
The native grass begins to grow
Cattle can’t feed on eight of grass
Farmers clear more land and move their herd

59
Q

What goes in their area farmers used for cattle ranching

A

Cash crop agriculture (monoculture)

60
Q

Examples of natural resources discovered and exploited in Amazon

A

Gold
Iron ore
Water for hydroelectric power

61
Q

Evidence of mining

A

Brazil’s Amazon rainforest is home to the worlds largest iron ore mine carajás

62
Q

How does mining cause pollution

A

Toxic materials used to separate the gold from the iron ore spill onto the land and cause water pollution. impact on health of humans and fauna
Government control is relaxed as most mines are small

63
Q

Hydroelectric power accounts for how much of Brazil’s energy consumption

A

80%

64
Q

How do dams damage Amazon

A

Loss of biodiversity and indigenous Land
Prevent fish from moving upstream disturbing the routine of the biome other interdependence
Villages and indigenous communities of uprooted

65
Q

How many amerIndians remain in the Amazon basin

A

600,000

66
Q

What could be possibly more profitable than deforestation

A

Eco-tourism

67
Q

How much of the rainforests precipitation is made up of water from its own transportation

A

50%

Leaving Cert Geography - (23 decks)

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