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Leaving Cert Geography - > The Mezzogiorno Italy > Flashcards

The Mezzogiorno Italy Flashcards

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1
Q

What is included in the region

A

Italian peninsula south of Rome
Sardina
Sicily

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2
Q

Why is it a peripheral region

A 
Underdeveloped (only generates 25% of the country’s GDP but takes up 40% of Italy’s landmark)
Harsh climate and landscape
Low living standards
High unemployed
Low population density
High outward migration of young people
Poor infrastructure
Over developed on primary sector
Problems with illegal emigration and organised crime
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3
Q

Climate in region

A

Mediterranean (warm temperate oceanic)

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4
Q

Climate influenced by

A 
Azores high (dry spells and clear skies)
SiRocco wind (hot wind destroys crops)
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5
Q

Rainfall in region summer

A

20mm in July in flash flood

Drought in summer

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6
Q

Weather in winter

A

Frost is rare
500mm to 900mm Oct-March
Rain shadow provided by apennines

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7
Q

Soils in region

A

Red soils - terra Rosa, made from weathered limestone
Rich in iron oxide
Suitable for Vines
Soil erosion occurs on the slopes

Richer Soil found near volcanoes and on river flood plains

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8
Q

Relief in the region

A

85% of region is mountainous or upland

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9
Q

Drainage in region

A

Combination of little rainfall and limestone bedrock means there is little surface water

Main rivers are Brandano and Volturno

High summer temp reduce amount of water in river

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10
Q

Tectonic activity in the region

A

Located on boundary between African and Eurasian plate

Small earthquakes and tremors occur daily

Deadliest; 1908, 7.0 mag, 72,000 dead

Volcanoes too

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11
Q

Describe agriculture in region

A 
Unproductive 
Low productivity
Low Mechanisation 
Low income (50% lower than Eu average)
Dependent on government grants
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12
Q

Types of agriculture in region

A 
Livestock (sheep and goats)
Trees (lemon, orange, limes) and vines (figs, pears)
Olive trees (perfectly resistant to drought, Italy 2nd biggest producer of olive trees in world)
Winger what (grown in reclaimed marsh in winter. Much processed into pasta)
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13
Q

Physical factors affecting agriculture

A

Relief: 85% is mountainous, unproductive soil on slopes, olive trees suited to upland areas, rough grazing of animals on slopes

Climate: frequent drought, hot, dry , winds damage crops, crops mist be irrigated

Most farming occurs in milder winter weather

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14
Q

Human factors affecting agriculture

A

In past labourers had small plots of land that they rented. Had to pay up to 69% of profit. Small unproductive farms

Casa per il Mezzogiorno Scheme. Spent €14 billion on agriculture. Gave land to farmers for more profitable farming. Irrigation schemes were developed

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15
Q

Positive of Cassa scheme

A

Cooperates were formed to help farmers sell goods to the north and EU markets

Swamps were drained and reclaimed for farming

Increase in technology and machinery on larger farms

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16
Q

Negatives of Cassa scheme

A

Lowland areas benefitted the most and upland areas were unaffected

Seasonal farming

Irrigation is expensive

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17
Q

Forestry in region

A

Mixed deciduous and evergreens
Suited to drought and high temperature
Climate doesn’t allow growth of dense forests
Where forest has been cleared soil erosion increases

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18
Q

Fishing in region

A

Anchovy, tuna and sardines
Coastal town include Bari, Naples
Much of fish is supplied to tourist markets along coast
High salt content in sea reduces plankton so not as many fish can live

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19
Q

Percentage of region employed in secondary sector

A

25%

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20
Q

Where in Italy does most manufacturing occur

A

North

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21
Q

What are the factors hindering development of manufacturing in the Mezzogiorno

A

Lack of natural sources eg oil, coal, gas and even water
Industry would have had to import raw materials
Not much HEP or solar panels (expensive, lack of water)

Peripheral location
Southern tip is 1100km away from capital
Upland region, had bad roads and infrastructure

Limited labour force as people move away or else don’t go to university

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22
Q

Autostrada built in what year

A

1964

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23
Q

Centres of economic activity in Mezzogiorno

A

Taranto
Bari
Brindisi
Naples

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24
Q

Industrial employment tripled in region due to Cassa scheme

What number did it triple to

A

1.4 million

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25
Q

Aim of vanoni plan

A

Make región more attractive to mncs

26
Q

What was involved in vanoni plan

A 
Autostrada del sol completed
New industrial estates built
Funds to train and upskill workers
New airport built in Calabria 
60% of money was invested in renovation of ports
27
Q

Types of industry that located in Mezzogiorno

Why

A

Heavy, oil refining and steelworks (shipbuilding)
Coastal location with deep water ports

Electronics and engineering located where educated workforce were eg Fiat in Melfi employs 8,000

Etna Valley Sicily, modern industries, 200 firms there

28
Q

Problems in secondary sector

A

Steelworks costed a lot of money to build but don’t generate many jobs because machinery is used

Outward migration of young people

Coastal areas attracted more industries so mountainous are still underdeveloped

Unemployment is 22%.

People who remain are uneducated. 25% of children don’t go to secondary school. They get involved with crime

29
Q

Percentage of population working in tertiary

A

67%

30
Q

Visitors per year to Mezzogiorno

A

13million

6 million international

31
Q

Why do only 13% of tourists travelling to italy go to The Mezzogiorno

A

Peripheral

32
Q

Why are tourist attracted

A 
Climate (25° summer)
Beach (800km of coastline), scenic 
Skiing in Apennines
Volcanic mountains eg Vesuvius (2.5 million tourist a year)
History eg Pompeii
Culture eg food, mafia
33
Q

Problems with tourism

A

Seasonal
Coastal damage - pollution destroying both tourist abs fishing industry
Limited water supply
Unequal development - coasts benefit more
Poor marketing

34
Q

Cassa invested how much into improving transport infrastructure

A

2.5 billion

35
Q

Largest city in Mezzogiorno

A

Naples

36
Q

Population of Naples

A

1 million

37
Q

Why is Naples a successful area in Mezzogiorno

A

Flatland
Fertile
Productive - citrus fruits and olive trees
Biggest market - centre for distribution

38
Q

How come the region is ideal for a port

A

Bay is sheltered by two headlands lying either side of city

Close to one of the busiest shipping lanes in the world (suez canal to Gibraltar)

39
Q

What city does autostrada connect to Naples A1

A

Milan

40
Q

Transport in Naples

A

A1
Good rail to north
Port

41
Q

Example of industyg in Naples

A

Steel plants in Bagnoli

42
Q

Why is Naples attractive to tourist

A 
Mt. Vesuvius 
Cruise ship port
Naples airport 
Cuisine
National archaeological museum
43
Q

Hindering development in Naples

A

Crime (Camorra)

Murder rate in south x4 higher than north

44
Q

Mezzogiorno makes up how much of italys landmass

A

40%

45
Q

Mezzogiorno makes up how much of Italy’s population

A

35%

46
Q

Density of population in Mezzogiorno

A

140 per km2

47
Q

What stage of demographic transition model is Italy in

A

Stage 5 (death rate higher than birth rate)

48
Q

Birth rate in Mezzogiorno

A

13.2 per 1000

49
Q

Why are family sizes decreasing in Mezzogiorno

A

Women are staying in education

50
Q

Unemployment for under 24 in Mezzogiorno

A

56%

51
Q

How many migrants enter Italy illegally each year

A

50,000

52
Q

Most funding goes into which types of town

A

Towns and cities on coast

Smaller mountain villages are suffering

53
Q

Example of attempts to stop population decline

A

Sellia- tax breaks for those who look after their health, free health care services. repopulate the town

Town in Sicily- abandoned houses are free if they are renovated and lived in within 3 years

54
Q

When was Naples founded

A

600BC Greeks

55
Q

Part of Mezzogiorno that Naples is in

A

Campaña

56
Q

Tourism in Naples

A

Mt Vesuvius
Cruise ship port
Airport
Culture

57
Q

Are with highest population density

A

Campaña

58
Q

Area with lowest population density

A

Basilicata

59
Q

Where did the poeople live in the past

A

Mountainous villages as coasts were mosquito infested marshlands

60
Q

Between 1950 and 1970 X left the region

A

4 million

61
Q

Illegal immigration from where

A

Syria

Libya

62
Q

Effect of illegal immigration

A

Strain on housing and medical services

Leaving Cert Geography - (23 decks)

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