Migration Flashcards
Internal migration
Migration within a country
International migration
Migration between countries
Immigration
Migration into a country
emigration
Migration out of the country
Net migration
The difference between the number of immigrants on the number of emigrants in country
Source/donor area
The area that migrants leave
Destination/host/receiver area
The area to which people migrate
Refugee
A person who because of believed danger or oppression leaves his/her country and is unwilling
Asylum seeker
A person who is flooded his/her country and applies to the government to protection as a refugee
Barrier to migration
Anything that makes migration difficult or impossible e.g. cost of travel, government restrictions (Visa, criminal record)
Voluntary migration
Migration which the migrant moves by choice
Forced migration
Migration in which the migrant has no choice but to move
Push factors
Things that force people to leave their original places of residence into violence and war, unemployment, famine
Pull factors
Things that entice people to move to other countries/areas e.g. educational opportunities, better job prospects and higher wages, peace and personal security
X percent of Irish National schools are under the patronage of the Catholic Church
96%
According to the 2016 Irish census X people were born abroad
810,500
What Act allow schools to after first preference places to children of a particular religion to preserve the ethos of the school
Equal status act 2000
How many educate together primary schools in Ireland
81
What was banned in France in 2011
The wearing of burqini and niqabs
How did France justify the banning of niqab
That they wanted to liberate the women
That it was in line with their state bodies of freedom and equality
What is the ghetto
And area of where only one race of migrant people live Limiting their interaction with the values and customs of their host community
What began in France as a response to the racism against North African migrants
Writing
€200 million worth of damage
French government offered aid to areas of high unemployment
Positives of migration on donor region
Reduction in rate of unemployment
Negative effect of migration on donor region
Brain drain
Positive effect of migration on receiver/host region
Cultural enrichment and diversity
Negative effect of migration on host region
Challenge of integration
Why was unemployment high in Eastern Europe 1990
Fall of communism
How did unemployment rates decrease again in Eastern Europe
Joining Eu meant people could move abroad for employment eg to Ireland
Example of brain drain in Ireland
Junior doctors going to Australia and New Zealand leaves a big gap in HSE.
They had to recruit people from abroad
Example of cultural enrichment in Ireland
Gort, co.galway has 30% Brazilian population
Work in meat processing industry
Anual carnival in town
Mass in Portuguese each week
Benefits of cultural enrichment
General population are more accepting
More diversity
adds to ability to work with other nations on political level
Better understanding of other nations and offer help when needed
Who is Ireland’s minister for equality, inmigration and integration
What’s his job
David Santon
Encourages cooperation between communities
Issues official state documents and leaflets in different languages
Examples of discrimination in Ireland due to language barrier
2007
ICTU claimed that migrant workers who didn’t speak fluent English earned 13% less than Irish workers in the same jobs
Where do many migrants to the city of São Paulo come from
North east rural area of Seratao
Main push factor in Brazil to move to cities
Poverty Mechanisation of agriculture Low life expectancy Poor education Semi arid climate
X% of São Paulo’s population live in favelas
5%
Why is risk of disease high in favelas
Lack clean water, electricity and sewerage systems
Example of a favela in São Paulo
Monte azul
What is bolsa familia
Grant for families
To be used to buy adequate food
When did bolsa familia come in
2002
Other examples of ways Brazil helps migrants in cities
Council provides Building products to build better quality homes
Residents set up community scheme for better education and medical services
Impact of migration on a city in developing world (São Paulo)
Overpopulation (favelas)
Traffic congestion
Pollution
Is not from EU/EEA and are migrating to work in EU/EAA, one must have
A work permit
What is green card scheme
Work permits for people who are highly skilled and will earn more than €60,000 a year eg IT industry
EU blue card gives work and residence permits for….
Non EU members who earn 1.5 times the average salary of that country
How does EU remain competitive with Australia, Canada, USA for immigration
Easy access for specialist workers eg scientists
What would happen if EU didn’t let in workers
Ageing population means population would decline
What is Dublin system
The EU country that receives the refugees first has to deal with their asylum application
Why is Dublin scheme unfair
Pressure is put on countries such as Greece, Spain, Italy which are the gateway to Europe from turkey, Libia, Syria
Example of refugee flocking to Italy
2014
4,000 migrants arrived to Sicily over a period of 2 days
What has increased refugee numbers
Syrian war
What is open door policy
Welcomes refugees and distributes them evenly across Europe
Who came up with open door policy
Angela merkel
Who were in favour of mandatory quotas
Germany, Sweden, Austria
Who were more reluctant to mandatory quotas
Denmark
Hungary
Example of Hungary’s attitude to immigration
The prime minister claimed that migrants put Europe’s Christian heritage at threat
What is frontex
Boarder control agency is Europe
Where are frontex highly active
Greece/ turkey boarder
Migrants come from Asia and Africa
Why is common migration policy needed in Europe
Brexit was mainly caused by unwanted inward migration
To prevent other member states leaving
