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Leaving Cert Geography - > Folding, Faulting And Doming > Flashcards

Folding, Faulting And Doming Flashcards

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1
Q

Define deformation

A

Any change in shape or size of the rock as a result of stress. Results in folding, faulting and Doming

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2
Q

What are the Forces of deformation

A

Compression - folding
tension - stretching and thinning - faulting
shearing - faulting

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3
Q

What plate is compression associated with

A

Converging plates

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4
Q

What’s plates is tension associated with

A

Divergent plates

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5
Q

What’s plates is sharing associated with

A

Convergent and transform plates

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6
Q

What is a fold

A

A wave or bend in the stratified rock layers of the Earth’s crust

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7
Q

What is a fault

A

A cracker fracture with movement along both sides of the earths crust

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8
Q

In what direction are anticline folds going

A

Upwards

A shape

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9
Q

In what direction are syncline folds going

A

Downwards

V shape

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10
Q

Types of folds

A 
Simple/ symmetric fold
Asymmetric fold
Overfold
Recumbent fold 
Overthrust fold
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11
Q

Describe a symmetrical fold

A

Both limbs are equal steepness as compression is applied evenly from both sides

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12
Q

Describe an asymmetric fold

A

One limb is steeper than the other as more compression is applied to one side than the other

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13
Q

Describe an overfold

A

Compression from one side is so much greater than one limb is pushed over the other

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14
Q

Describe recumbent folds

A

Compression over time causes overfold to fold completely on top of each other

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15
Q

Describe an overthrust fold

A

Force of compression is so great that rocks break as one limb is pushed too far over the other

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16
Q

What rock is easiest to fold and why

A

Sedimentary as it’s the softest

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17
Q

Eras of folding

A

Caledonian
Amorican
Alpine

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18
Q

What plates caused the Caledonian folds

A

Collision of American and Eurasian plates

19
Q

How long ago did the Caledonian folding take place

A

400 mya

20
Q

Examples of Caledonian mountains

A

Twelve pins
Wicklow mountains
Appalachians, USA

21
Q

How long ago did amorican folding begin

A

250 mya

22
Q

What two plates cause the amorican folding

A

Eurasian and African plates

23
Q

Examples of amorican folding

A

Ridge and Valley landscape in Munster

24
Q

How long ago did the alpine folding occur

A

30 million years ago

25
Q

What two plates chased the alpine folding

A

Collision of African and Indian plate with Eurasian

26
Q

Examples of Alpine mountains

A

Himalayas
Rockies
Alps

27
Q

3 types of fault are

A

Normal fault
Reverse fault
Tear fault

28
Q

When do normal faults happen (what’s happening to the rock)

A

Tension stretches the rock

29
Q

What’s a Rift Valley

A

Occurs when two faults occur side by side eg eats African Rift Valley

30
Q

what is a block mountain or Horst

A

What’s left standing in between the two Rift valleys

Mountains with steep sided and flat top

31
Q

Example of block mountain

A

Ox mountains in Sligo

32
Q

Another name for Rift Valley

A

Graben

33
Q

When does a tear vault happen

What’s happening to the rock

A

Rock is shearing as it’s pushed in opposite directions

34
Q

Example of a tear fault

A

San Andreas fault

35
Q

What occurs at a reverse fault (to the rock)

A

Rock is shortened by compression

36
Q

What’s is a thrust fault

A

A type of reverse fault where the Angie of the fall is almost horizontal. The higher rock can be pushed forward

37
Q

Impact of faulting on the landscape

A

A Rift Valley

38
Q

What is a dome

A

A structure shaped like an upturned bowl

39
Q

How is a dome formed

A

Great amounts of molten magma pushed up from under the earths crust pushing the overlying layers of rock upwards making a dome shape

40
Q

Example of doming in Ireland

A

Slieve Bloom mountains, laois-Offaly

41
Q

What is an orogeny

A

Process of folding

42
Q

How long does folding take

A

Millions of years as plates move very slowly

43
Q

Examples of Caledonian folding in Ireland

A 
Dublin Wicklow mountains 
Leinster batholiths (doming)
44
Q

Example off armorican folding in Ireland

A

Anticlines and synclines of Munster ridge and valley
Eg macgiillycuddyreeks (carentuhill)
River lee

Leaving Cert Geography - (23 decks)

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