Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOL155 > Tutorial 9 - Brain & Eyes > Flashcards

Tutorial 9 - Brain & Eyes Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the brain?

A

CNS receives sensory input and integrates info to form perception and thought (speech and movement, maintain homeostasis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the three layers of the meninges?

A

dura mater
arachnoid mater
pia mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Dura mater

A

outer, closest to the skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Arachnoid mater

A

middle layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pia mater

A

clings to brain (inner layer)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the brainstem’s functions?

A

brainstem is continuous for the spinal cord
- motor and sensory neurons that connect CNS and PNS pass through brainstem
- responsible for involuntary functions of circulatory, digestive, and respiratory systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the three components of the brainstem?

A
  1. pons
  2. medulla oblongata
  3. midbrain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the three parts of the diencephalon?

A
  1. thalamus
  2. hypothalamus
  3. epithalamus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the three main ventricles of the brain?

A
  1. Lateral ventricles
  2. Third ventricle
  3. Fourth ventricle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are meninges?

A

Three layers of membrane protecting the CNS and brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the functions of the ventricles of the brain?

A

Ventricles are cavities inside the brain filled with cerebrospinal fluid - site of production of the CSF

  • CSF supports the CNS by absorbing impacts and exchanging nutrients/wastes with the bloodstream
  • produced in CHOROID PLEXUSES on the ventricle walls
  • circulates through ventricles into meninges and spinal cord
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where is CSF produced?

A

In the CHOROID PLEXUSES on the ventricles walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How is blood supplied to the brain?

A

Supplied through internal carotid and vertebral arteries

Drained through dural venous sinuses and internal jugular vein

Capillary walls and astrocytes surrounding the capillaries form BBB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What forms the BBB? What is the function of the BBB?

A

Formed by capillary walls and surrounding astrocytes

Prevents harmful substances from entering the brain tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Trace the path of blood TO the brain

A

Supplied through INTERNAL CAROTID and VERTEBRAL ARTERIES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Trace the path of blood FROM the brain

A

Drained through DURAL VENOUS SINUSES and INTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the three main regions of the brain?

A

Forebrain
Midbrain
Hindbrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the function of the medulla oblongata?

A

Contains nuclei for cranial nerves

  • controls autonomic and involuntary functions such as respiration and heartbeat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which sense is the medulla oblongata NOT responsible for?

A

Vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the function of the pons?

A

Contains tracts and nuclei that link brain parts together / for cranial nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the function of the midbrain?

A

Contains nuclei for cranial nerves III (oculomotor) and IV (trochlear)

  • contains colliculi which controls visual (superior) and auditory (inferior) reflexes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the function of the cerebellum?

A
  • subconsciously evaluates body movement and sends signals to the cerebral cortex of the cerebrum to adjust skeletal muscles as needed
  • fine tunes body movements and manages balance and posture
  • posterior to brainstem and inferior to occipital of cerebrum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the structural parts of the cerebrum?

A

Made of 2 lobes, vermis, tracts of white matter (arbor vitae) and cerebellar peduncles
- cerebellar peduncles relay info to other parts of the brain

24
Q

What is the epithalamus made of?

A

Composed mostly of the pineal gland and related structures

25
Q

What is the function of the hypothalamus?

A

Regulates autonomic nervous functions and behaviour
- produces hormones to influence pituitary gland and regulate endocrine functions

26
Q

What is the function of the thalamus?

A
  • learning and memory
  • passes sensory info to different regions of cerebral cortex
  • chooses what info is important enough to go to the cerebral cortex for sensory input
27
Q

What is the function of the pituitary gland?

A
  • functions are activated by hormones from the hypothalamus
  • hormones from hypothalamus activate hormone secretion by pituitary
  • hormones drive endocrine functions by targeting glands and tissues
28
Q

What are the functions of the limbic system structures?

A

Create functional classification of brain
- associated with emotions, olfaction, memory

29
Q

What are the functions of the cerebrum?

A
  • higher intellectual functions and conscious thought
30
Q

What is the function of the cerebral cortex

A

process sensory and motor info (left and right)
- outermost part of cerebrum

31
Q

What is the function of the basal ganglia?

A

Coordinate learned movement
- nuclei inside cerebrum that influence body movement and muscle tone

32
Q

What are sulci

A

Cerebral cortex folds into gyri, which are separated by GROOVES CALLED SULCI

33
Q

What are the two hemispheres of the brain?

A

Left and right

34
Q

What does the left hemisphere control?

A

language/calculation

35
Q

What does the right hemisphere control?

A

visual, emotional, artistic awareness

36
Q

What are the six cerebral cortex areas?

A
  1. Primary motor cortex (M1)
  2. Olfactory cortex (O1)
  3. Primary auditory cortex (A1)
  4. Primary somatosensory cortex (S1)
  5. Gustatory cortex (G1)
  6. Visual cortex (V1)
37
Q

What are the four lobes of the brain?

A
  1. Parietal
  2. Occipital
  3. Temporal
  4. Frontal
38
Q

Which two lobes are responsible for motor signals?

A
  1. Frontal lobe
  2. Temporal lobe
39
Q

Which two lobes are responsible for sensory signals?

A
  1. Parietal lobe
  2. Occipital lobe
40
Q

Nasolacrimal duct

A

final destination for draining tears before they are emptied into the nasal cavity

41
Q

Lacrimal sac

A

after the lacrimal canaliculi, tears drain into lacrimal sac

42
Q

Lacrimal canaliculi

A

tears drained from the excretory duct go to the lacrimal canaliculi next

43
Q

Cornea

A

refract light and projects image onto retina

44
Q

Lens

A

refract light and projects image onto retina

45
Q

Retina

A
  • back of the eye
  • contains optic nerve (cranial nerve II)
  • contains optic disk
  • contains central retinal vein / central retinal artery
  • photoreceptors = specialized cells stimulated by light
46
Q

Vitreous humour

A

fills vitreous cavity
- holds retina against choroid

47
Q

Aqueous humour

A

fills the cavity between cornea and lens

48
Q

Excretory ducts

A

tears drain through excretory ducts and over eyeball surface to lacrimal canaliculi

49
Q

Optic nerve

A

conveys visual info to brain

50
Q

Lacrimal glands

A

secrete lacrimal fluid or tears

51
Q

Sclera:

vascular or fibrous tunic?

A

fibrous tunic

52
Q

Choroid:

vascular or fibrous tunic?

A

vascular tunic

53
Q

Ciliary body:

vascular or fibrous tunic?

A

vascular tunic

54
Q

Iris:

vascular or fibrous tunic?

A

vascular tunic

55
Q

What are rod photoreceptors?

A

detect light but not colour (intensity)

56
Q

What are cone photoreceptors?

A

detect bright light and allow for colour vision

57
Q
A

BIOL155 (34 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions