Tutorial 2 - Week 3

Question 1

Answer 1

• Solomon Asch 1956
• Conducted “Asch Conformity Experiments” in the 1950’s
• “Effects of Group Pressure upon the Modification and Distortion of Judgements:
• Began to characterise “Peer Pressure” Henie (ed.1961

Question 2

The Nature of Personality

Answer 2

• Personality Trait is an enduring disposition to behave in a certain way in varid situations
• Five Factor Model says aspects of personality derived from 5 crucial traitss
  
  • Openness
  • Conscientiousness
  • Extraversion
  • Agreeableness
  • Neuroticism
• The Big Five traits vary with social classes and predict life outcomes like grades, work ethic, divorce and health

Question 3

Weitton Textbook Freud Theory

Answer 3

• Emphasises the importance of unconsciousness
• Id, Ego & Super-Ego
• Id = Pleasure Principle
• Ego = Decision making and reality principle
• Super-Ego = Moral Component
• Unconscious conflicts around aggression and sex lead to significant anxiety
• Defense Mechanisms wor through self deception
• Children evolve through five stages of psychosexual development: Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency and Genital
• Oedipal Complex and other experiences shape subsequent adult personality problems

Question 4

Weitton Textbook - Carl Jung

Answer 4

• Carl Jung’s analytical psychology emphasised unconscious determinants of personality
• Jung divided unconscious into the personal and collective unconscious
• The collective unconscious is a storehouse of latent memory traces inherited from people’s ancestral past
• These memories consist of archetypes which are emotionally charged thought forms that have universal meaning

Question 5

Weitton Textbook - Alfred Adler

Answer 5

• Adler’s individual psychology emphasised how soial forces shape personality development
• adler argured that the striving for superiority is the foremost motivational force in people’s lives
• attributed personality distrubances to excessive inferiority feelings
• Inferiority can pervert the normal process of striing for superiority and can result in overcompensation

Question 6

Weitton Textbook - Skinner

Answer 6

• Worked on operant conditioning which was not meant to focus on theory of personality
• Skinner’s followers view personality as response tendencies tied to specific situations
• View personality development as a lifelong process where response tendencies are shaped by reinforcement

Question 7

Weitton Textbook - Bandura

Answer 7

• Social Cognitive Theory emphasises cognitive factors shape personality
• people’s response tendencies largely acquired through observational learning
• Stressed self efficacy