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Individual, Society and Culture > Tutorial 1 - Week 2 > Flashcards

Tutorial 1 - Week 2 Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Swiss Cheese Model of Accident Causation

A
  • Reason 1990
  • Theory that explains accidents can occur if there are holes that when added together allow the conditions of accident to occure
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2
Q

Latent Conditions

A
  • Features that may contribute to an accident.
  • By themselves, each Latent Condition does not cause an accident
  • Multiple Latent conditions added together create an accident
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3
Q

Causation

A
  • How one variable stimulates another variable to influence and outcome
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4
Q

Causation in Behaviour

A
  • Behavior is determined by multiple causes

- Biopsychosocial model describes Swiss Cheese Model of Causation

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5
Q

Three Concepts important to the definition of Psychology

A
  • Science
  • Behaviour
  • Mental Processes
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6
Q

Contemporary Psychological Perspectives asks . . .

A
  • Why do we behave the way we do and think the way we think?
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7
Q

Seven Unifying Themes of Psychology

A
  • Psychology is Empirical
  • Pschology is Theoretically Diverse
  • Psycology evolves in Socio-Historical Context
  • Behaviour has Multiple Causes
  • Behaviour is influenced by Cultural Heritage
  • Heredity and Environment influence behaviour
  • People’s experience is highly subjetive
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8
Q

Principle Contributors of Psychoanalitcal Theory

A
  • Sigmund Freud
  • Carl Jung
  • Alfred Adler
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9
Q

Principle Contributors of Behavioural Theory

A
  • Ivan Pavlov
  • BF Skinner
  • John Watson
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10
Q

Principle Contributors of Humanistic Theory

A
  • Carl Rogers

- Abraham Maslow

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11
Q

Principle Contributors of Cognitive Theory

A
  • Jean Piaget
  • Noam Chomsky
  • Herbert Simon
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12
Q

Principle Contributors of Biological/Neuroscience Theory

A
  • James Olds
  • Roger Sperry
  • David Hubel
  • Torsten Weisel
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13
Q

Principle Contributors of Sociohistorical Theory

A
  • Soloman Asch
  • Stanley Milgram
  • Phillip Zimbardo
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14
Q

Principle Contributors of Evolutionary Theory

A
  • David Buss
  • Leda Cosmides
  • John Tooby
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15
Q

Principle Contributors of Positive Psychology Theory

A
  • Martin Seligman
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16
Q

A New Science is born

A
  • Psychology stems from philosophy and physiology
  • Wilhem Wundt founded Psycholgoy in 1879
  • Wundt said Psyhcology should be the specific study of consciousness
17
Q

G. Stanley Hall

A
  • Launched first American Psychological Journal 1887

- Helped establish the American Psychological Association - 1892

18
Q

Strucutalism vs Functionalism

A
  • Structuralists says Psychology should analyse the consciousness in its basic elements
  • We use introspection to analyse consciousness
  • Functionalism says we should study the purpose of consciousness
  • Functionalism then fostered the emergence of behaviourism and applied psychology
19
Q

Freud focuses on unconscious

A
  • Freud was controversial but also influential
  • Psychoanalysis emphasises unconscious behaviour and importance of sexuality
  • unconscious has strong influence on consciousness and behaviour
20
Q

Behaviourism Debuts

A
  • Founded by John B Watson
  • psychology should only study observable behaviour
  • Disregarded the consciousness
  • Nurture over Nature
  • Pioneered animal research
  • BF Skinner said that free will was an illusion
21
Q

Humanist response to Behaviourism

A
  • Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow
  • Emphasises the unique qualities of human behaviour and said animal research is irrelevant
  • Had optimistic view of human nature
  • Said people had free will and had potential for growth
22
Q

Cognitve Approach resurfaces

A
  • psychology began to focus on consciousness again

- renewed interest in cognition and biological bases of behaviour

23
Q

Interest in cultural factors grows

A
  • Western psychologists began to be aware of the influence on culture on behaviour
  • Global diversity and diversity within Western culture became factors
24
Q

Evolutionary psychology gains prominence

A
  • 1990s
  • patterns of behaviour can be seen as the product of evolution just like physical changes
  • Natural selection favours behaviours that increase survival
25
Q

Psycholgoy moves in a positive direction

A
  • Martin Seligman 1990’s
  • Previously psychology focused too much on pathology and suffering
  • Research adaptive, creative and positive human experience
  • Studies positive emotions, personal strengths and virtues

Individual, Society and Culture (16 decks)

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