Slides Week 8

Question 1

Personality Disorders

Answer 1

• Associated with significantly adverse feelings about self and others
• interferes with personal function in many aspects of life

Question 2

10 types of Personality Disorders

Answer 2

1. Paranoid Personality Disorder
2. Schizoid Personality Disorder
3. Schizotypal Personality Disorder
4. Antisocial Personality Disorder
5. Borderline Personality Disorder
6. Histrionic Personality
7. Narcissistic Personality Disorder
8. Avoidant Personality Disorder
9. Dependent Personality Disorder
10. Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder

Question 3

Comorbidity

Answer 3

• the existence of two or more diseases or conditions in the same individual at the same time
• Substance abuse is often co-morbid with mental distress

Question 4

Diagnosing Children

Answer 4

• Autism Spectrum
• ADHD
• ODD or Conduct Disorder
• Separation Anxiety
• Eating Disorders
• Cyclothymia

Question 5

Diagnosing Older Persons

Answer 5

• Stigma in getting older
• Cognitive Decline
• Clinician Judgement

Question 6

Approaches to Psychopathology

Answer 6

• Clinical Description
• Causation (etiology)
• Treatment and Outcome

Question 7

Psychotherapy

Answer 7

The professional treatment of Psychological Disorders

Question 8

Behaviour Therapies

Answer 8

Focusing on the notion that abnormal behaviour is learned

Question 9

Biomedical Therapies

Answer 9

Physiological interventions to reduce the symptoms

Question 10

4 concepts of treating with psychoanalysis

Answer 10

• Free Association
• Dream Analysis
• Resistance
• Transference

Question 11

Free Association

Answer 11

• spontaneous expression of thoughts and feelings exactly as they occur
• minimise censorship
• study free association for clues about the unconscious motivations

Question 12

Dream Analysis

Answer 12

• Client is trained to remember their dreams
• therapist analyses the symbolism of the dream
• therapist interprets the dream meaning

Question 13

Resistance

Answer 13

• unconcious defense manouvres intended to derail therapy
• clients resist because disturbing unconscious conflict is painful
• management of resistance must be careful and sensitive

Question 14

Transference

Answer 14

• When a client relates to their therapist in ways that mimic their critical relationships
• client may re-enact this relationship in therapy
• this can bring unconscious or repressed feeling s to the surface
• can allow progress to managing internal conflict

Question 15

Client Centered Therapy

Answer 15

• Developed by Carl Rogers
• people have free will
• tend to seek good lives and rational choices
• emotionally supportive
• clients determine pace and direction of therapy
• incongruence makes people feel threatened by reality which leads to anxiety

Question 16

Rogers 3 main elements of Client Centered Therapy

Answer 16

• Genuineness or Congruence
• Unconditional Positive Regard
• Empathy

Question 17

Positive Psychology

Answer 17

• Developed by Martin Seligman
• studies positive aspects of the human condition
• well being therapy, mindfulness training etc

Question 18

Group Therapy

Answer 18

• several clients (7-10) meet regularly with a therapist
• less expensive than individual therapy
• clients can give and receive emotional support
• clients can provide feedback to one another

Question 19

Behavioural Therapy

Answer 19

• Models appropriate response to a feared stimulus in gradual steps
• model step by step gradual associations with therapist suport

Question 20

Cognitive Behaviour Therapy

Answer 20

• Assumes maladaptive behaviour can result from irrational thoughts, beleifs and ideas
  Thoughts → Emotion → Behaviour → Thoughts again

Question 21

Types of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy

Answer 21

1. Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy - Albert Ellis 1973
2. Cognitive Therapy Aaron Beck 1976
   - there many types of CBT
   - Use verbal interentions and behaviour modification to change maladaptive thinking

Question 22

Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT)

Answer 22

• Interactional way that behaviour thoughts and feelings interact
  A = Activating Events
  B = Beliefs (Rational or Irrational)
  C = Consequences (Healthy or Unhealthy Emotions)

Question 23

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy

Answer 23

• Developed by Aaron Beck (1976)
• strategies to correct thinking errors beneath mental distress; particularly depression
• focuses on the quality of the therapeutic relationship
• Stop negative thoughts as they occur
• replace negative thoughts with objective ones
• learn realistic ways of looking at things

Question 24

Describe CBT

Answer 24

• Therapist is the teacher
• warm personal relationship with therapist is not necessary
• method used is based on the client’s disorder

Question 25

Describe REBT

Answer 25

- Stresses the quality of the therapeutic relationship is essential - Highly directive, persuasive and confrontive - Client discovers misconceptions for themselves - method used depends on personality of client

Question 26

Biomedical Therapies

Answer 26

- Therapy based on assumption that psychological disorders are symptoms of underlying physical problems - Drug Therpay = ECG (shock) therapy = Brain stimulation

Question 27

ECT

Answer 27

- Biomedical Treatment where electric shock is used - produces cortical seizures and convulsions - treats major depressive disorder - still considered more of a placebo