Slides Week 6 Flashcards
Define Diagnosis
Identifying and differentiating on condition from another
Define Aetiology
Identifies the cause and development of the identified condition
Define Prognosis
The likely development and outcome of the condition
Define Epidemiology
The Study of the distribution of a disease or condition in the population
Define Prevalence
a statistical concept referring to the number of cases of a disease that are present in a particular population at a given time
Conceptualisation of Epidemiology - Biological
Emphasises genetics and other physiological factors
Conceptualisation of Epidemiology - Psychodynamic
- Based on Freud’s Theories
- Emphasises the unconscious processes
Conceptualisation of Epidemiology - Learning
Explains psychological disorders as a result of experience
Conceptualisation of Epidemiology - Humanistic
- Focuses on personal agency
- engages lack of self worth
- works on incongruent self concept
Diathesis-Stress Model
Life events
+
Genetic Vulnerability
=
Determines whether a person will develop Mental Illness
- Genetic predisposition and Life experience Stressors combine to create Mental Health Problems
What are contributing factors in psychological disorders?
- Neurotransmitter imbalances
- Unhelpful coping skills
- Medical Conditions
- Past Trauma and Childhood experiences
- Relationships
- Lack of meaning in life
- Poor lifestyle choices
Cultural differences in psychological disorders
- Culture bound syndromes
- Variations exist between cultures in how abnormal behaviour is expressed or experienced
- Judgement of what is abnormal behaviour can change over time
e.g. Homosexuality is no longer considered a mental health problem
Examples of Culture Bound Disorders - Koro
An obsessive fear that one’s penis will withdraw into the abdomen; seen only in Malaya and Southern Asia
Examples of Culture Bound Disorders - Windigo
- Involves intense craving for human flesh
- Fear that one will turn into a cannibal
- Seen only among Algonquin Indian cultures
Changes from DSM-IV-TR to DSM-5
Two Manuals for Diagnosing Mental Disorders
- DSM-5 - Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
- ICD-10 - Interntional Statistical Classification of Diseases and Health Related Problems
Types of Anxiety Disorders
- Generalised Anxiety Disorder
- Panic Disorder
- Specific Phobia
- Social Anxiety
- Agoraphobia
- and others
Generealised Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
Excessive, uncontrollable, exaggerated worry and tension
Panic Disorder
Recurring episodes of intencse and debilitation anxiety
Specific Phobia
Intense fear when exposed to a particular object such as birds, spiders or heights
Social Anxiety
- Intense discomfort within a social context
- Fear of Judgement
Agoraphobia
Fear of being unable to escape an anxiety provoking situation
Panic Disorder Symptoms
• Palpitations, and/or accelerated heart rate
• Sweating
• Trembling or shaking
• Sensations of shortness of breath/being smothered
• Feeling of choking
• Chest pain or discomfort
• Nausea or abdominal distress
• Feeling dizzy, unsteady, lightheaded, or faint
• De-realization (feelings of unreality) or
depersonalization (being detached from oneself)
• Fear of losing control or going insane
• Sense of impending death
• Paresthesias (numbness or tingling sensations)
• Chills or hot flashes
Types of Specific Phobia
-
Animal type
- Fear of dogs, cats, rats and/or mice, pigs, cows, birds, spiders, or snakes.
-
Natural environment type
- Fear of heights (acrophobia)
- lightning and thunderstorms (astraphobia)
- or aging (gerascophobia).
-
Situational type
- Fear of small confined spaces (claustrophobia)
- Fear of the dark (nyctophobia).
-
Blood/injection/injury type
- This includes fear of medical procedures,
- Fear of needles and injections (trypanophobia)
- Fear of blood (hemophobia)
- Fear of getting injured.
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Other
- Fear of contracting an illness
- Children’s fears of loud sounds or costumed characters
