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Tuscany Flashcards

1
Q

What are the primary red grape varieties of Tuscany?

A

Sangiovese, Canaiolo, Colorino, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Syrah.

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2
Q

What are the primary white grape varieties of Tuscany?

A

Vernaccia, Trebbiano, Malvasia, Vermentino.

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3
Q

What is Tuscany’s climate?

A

Mediterranean with significant diurnal temperature variation in inland areas.

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4
Q

What is the primary soil type in Chianti Classico?

A

Galestro (crumbly marl) and alberese (limestone).

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5
Q

What are the five main rivers in Tuscany?

A

Arno, Ombrone, Orcia, Serchio, and Elsa.

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6
Q

What is the origin of the term ‘Super Tuscan’?

A

Refers to high-quality Tuscan wines made outside DOC/G rules, often with international grape varieties.

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7
Q

What are the three main DOCGs for Sangiovese?

A

Chianti Classico, Brunello di Montalcino, Vino Nobile di Montepulciano.

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8
Q

What is the significance of the ‘Gallo Nero’ (Black Rooster)?

A

It is the symbol of the Chianti Classico Wine Consortium.

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9
Q

What is Governo all’Uso Toscano?

A

A traditional winemaking technique involving the addition of partially dried grapes during fermentation.

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10
Q

What is Vin Santo, and how is it made?

A

A sweet, oxidative wine made from dried Trebbiano and Malvasia grapes, aged in small barrels.

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11
Q

What are the aging requirements for Chianti Classico DOCG?

A

Standard: 12 months; Riserva: 24 months; Gran Selezione: 30 months.

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12
Q

What is the minimum percentage of Sangiovese required in Chianti Classico DOCG?

A

80%.

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13
Q

What are the subzones of Chianti DOCG?

A

Classico, Colli Fiorentini, Colli Senesi, Colline Pisane, Montalbano, Montespertoli, Rùfina.

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14
Q

What distinguishes Chianti Rùfina?

A

Cooler climate and higher elevation, producing more aromatic and structured wines.

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15
Q

What is the maximum percentage of white grapes allowed in Chianti DOCG?

A

10% (though white grapes are not allowed in Chianti Classico).

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16
Q

What is the elevation range for Chianti Classico vineyards?

A

250-600 meters above sea level.
820 - 2000 ft.

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17
Q

What distinguishes Gran Selezione in Chianti Classico?

A

Higher quality standards, must come from estate-owned vineyards, and requires longer aging.

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18
Q

What is the role of Canaiolo in Chianti blends?

A

Adds softness and floral notes.

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19
Q

What is the largest subzone of Chianti DOCG?

A

Colli Senesi.

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20
Q

Who is a notable traditional producer in Chianti Classico?

A

Castello di Volpaia.

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21
Q

Who is a notable modern producer in Chianti Classico?

A

Fontodi.

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22
Q

What is the alcohol minimum for Chianti Classico Gran Selezione?

A

13%.

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23
Q

What is the primary distinction between Chianti Classico and broader Chianti DOCG?

A

Chianti Classico has stricter production rules and must come from the historical Classico zone.

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24
Q

What is Vin Ruspo, and where is it made?

A

A rosé wine made in Carmignano DOCG.

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25
Q

What grape is used exclusively in Brunello di Montalcino DOCG?

A

Sangiovese (locally called Brunello).

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26
Q

What are the aging requirements for Brunello di Montalcino DOCG?

A

Standard: 5 years (2 years in oak, 4 months in bottle); Riserva: 6 years.

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27
Q

What distinguishes Rosso di Montalcino DOC?

A

A younger, fresher version of Brunello made from 100% Sangiovese.

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28
Q

What is the minimum alcohol for Brunello di Montalcino DOCG?

A

12.5%.

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29
Q

What is a notable producer of Brunello di Montalcino?

A

Biondi-Santi.

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30
Q

What is the minimum percentage of Sangiovese required in Vino Nobile di Montepulciano DOCG?

A

70%.

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31
Q

What is the aging requirement for Vino Nobile di Montepulciano?

A

Standard: 2 years; Riserva: 3 years.

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32
Q

What is the primary blending partner in Vino Nobile di Montepulciano?

A

Canaiolo.

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33
Q

What is the difference between Brunello di Montalcino and Vino Nobile di Montepulciano?

A

Brunello must be 100% Sangiovese and has stricter aging requirements.

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34
Q

What is the significance of the Sant’Antimo DOC?

A

Allows for the production of non-traditional varietals in Montalcino.

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35
Q

Who is a benchmark producer of Vino Nobile di Montepulciano?

A

Avignonesi.

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36
Q

What is Rosso di Montepulciano DOC?

A

A younger, lighter red made in the same area as Vino Nobile di Montepulciano.

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37
Q

What is the typical style of wines from Brunello compared to Chianti Classico?

A

Brunello wines are fuller-bodied, richer, and more tannic.

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38
Q

What was the first recognized Super Tuscan?

A

Sassicaia.

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39
Q

What is the primary grape of Sassicaia?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon.

40
Q

What is the primary grape of Tignanello?

A

Sangiovese (blended with Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet Franc).

41
Q

What is the primary grape of Ornellaia?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon (with Merlot and Cabernet Franc).

42
Q

What is Bolgheri DOC known for?

A

Bordeaux-style red blends and high-quality Super Tuscans.

43
Q

What distinguishes Bolgheri Sassicaia DOC from Bolgheri DOC?

A

Sassicaia has its own DOC, focused exclusively on the wine of Tenuta San Guido.

44
Q

What style of wine is produced in Vernaccia di San Gimignano DOCG?

A

Dry white wines from Vernaccia grapes.

45
Q

What is Carmignano DOCG known for?

A

Sangiovese-based wines blended with Cabernet Sauvignon or Cabernet Franc.

46
Q

What is Morellino di Scansano DOCG?

A

Sangiovese-based wines produced in the Maremma.

47
Q

What is the primary style of wine in Val di Cornia DOCG?

A

Rich reds made from Sangiovese and Bordeaux varietals.

48
Q

What is Tuscany’s most planted grape variety?

A

Sangiovese.

49
Q

What role does the Tyrrhenian Sea play in Tuscany’s viticulture?

A

It moderates temperatures and enhances ripening, especially in coastal regions like Bolgheri and Maremma.

50
Q

What is the Consorzio del Vino Chianti Classico?

A

A consortium that regulates and promotes Chianti Classico wines.

51
Q

What is galestro, and why is it significant?

A

A crumbly marl soil found in Chianti and Montalcino, ideal for Sangiovese.

52
Q

What are Tuscany’s main international varieties used in Super Tuscans?

A
  • Cabernet Sauvignon
  • Merlot
  • Syrah
53
Q

What is alberese, and where is it found?

A

A compact limestone soil common in Chianti Classico.

54
Q

What is Tuscany’s oldest recorded wine region?

A

Chianti, dating back to the 13th century.

55
Q

What distinguishes Sangiovese Grosso in Brunello from other Sangiovese clones?

A

Thicker skins and the ability to produce more structured, age-worthy wines.

56
Q

What is the aging vessel traditionally used for Tuscan reds?

A

Large Slavonian oak casks (botti).

57
Q

What is Tuscany’s DOC for sparkling wines?

A

Val d’Arbia DOC.

58
Q

What is the role of Colorino in Chianti blends?

A

Adds color, tannins, and depth to the blend.

59
Q

What is the alcohol minimum for Chianti Riserva?

A

12.5%.

60
Q

What is the maximum yield for Chianti Classico Gran Selezione?

A

52 hl/ha.

61
Q

What is the historical significance of Chianti Rùfina?

A

A subzone historically favored by Florentine nobility for its quality wines.

62
Q

What is governo, and how does it affect Chianti wines?

A

A winemaking technique using dried grapes to restart fermentation, increasing alcohol and richness.

63
Q

What is a notable producer in Chianti Rùfina?

A

Frescobaldi (Castello di Nipozzano).

64
Q

What is the significance of Isole e Olena in Chianti Classico?

A

Known for crafting benchmark modern Chianti wines.

65
Q

What is the significance of mezzadria in Chianti history?

A

A feudal sharecropping system that shaped the region’s vineyard management for centuries.

66
Q

What is the minimum Sangiovese percentage required for Chianti Colli Senesi?

A

75%.

67
Q

What distinguishes Chianti Montespertoli from other subzones?

A

It was the last subzone added to Chianti DOCG in 1997.

68
Q

What is the significance of the Biondi-Santi family in Brunello di Montalcino?

A

They created the first modern Brunello in the 19th century.

69
Q

What is the smallest Brunello producer?

A

Mastrojanni.

70
Q

What is the minimum vine age required for Brunello di Montalcino Riserva?

A

There is no legal requirement, but many producers use older vines.

71
Q

What is the significance of Montosoli in Montalcino?

A

A renowned vineyard producing some of Brunello’s finest wines.

72
Q

What is the maximum yield for Brunello di Montalcino DOCG?

A

80 hl/ha.

73
Q

What distinguishes the northern and southern zones of Montalcino?

A

Northern vineyards are cooler, producing more elegant wines; southern vineyards are warmer, yielding riper, fuller-bodied wines.

74
Q

What is the significance of Poliziano in Vino Nobile di Montepulciano?

A

A top producer known for structured, age-worthy wines.

75
Q

What is the maximum yield for Vino Nobile di Montepulciano DOCG?

A

56 hl/ha.

76
Q

What is the historical name for Sangiovese in Montepulciano?

A

Prugnolo Gentile.

77
Q

What is the primary style difference between Brunello and Rosso di Montalcino?

A

Rosso di Montalcino is lighter, fruitier, and less tannic.

78
Q

What is the first Super Tuscan wine to gain DOC status?

A

Sassicaia, with the creation of Bolgheri Sassicaia DOC in 1994.

79
Q

What is the significance of Ornellaia?

A

A Super Tuscan blend known for power and elegance, made primarily from Bordeaux varieties.

80
Q

What is the aging requirement for Bolgheri Superiore DOC wines?

A

Minimum 2 years, including 1 year in oak.

81
Q

What is the primary soil type in Bolgheri?

A

Alluvial soils with sand, clay, and gravel.

82
Q

What is Masseto, and how is it made?

A

A 100% Merlot Super Tuscan from the Ornellaia estate.

83
Q

What distinguishes Tignanello from other Super Tuscans?

A

It incorporates a significant percentage of Sangiovese along with Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet Franc.

84
Q

What is the significance of Le Macchiole’s ‘Paleo’?

A

A single-varietal Cabernet Franc Super Tuscan.

85
Q

What is the role of Vermentino in Bolgheri DOC whites?

A

Adds aromatic freshness and minerality to blends.

86
Q

What is the minimum percentage of Cabernet Sauvignon in Bolgheri Sassicaia DOC?

A

80%.

87
Q

What is Guado al Tasso?

A

A flagship Bolgheri wine from Antinori, blending Bordeaux varieties.

88
Q

What is the primary grape in Montecucco Sangiovese DOCG?

A

Sangiovese (minimum 90%).

89
Q

What is the style of wines produced in Val di Cornia Rosso DOCG?

A

Full-bodied reds from Sangiovese and Bordeaux varieties.

90
Q

What distinguishes Morellino di Scansano DOCG?

A

Known for ripe, approachable Sangiovese wines from the Maremma.

91
Q

What is Carmignano DOCG’s unique blend?

A

Sangiovese with 10-20% Cabernet Sauvignon or Cabernet Franc.

92
Q

What grape is used in Vernaccia di San Gimignano DOCG?

A

Vernaccia.

93
Q

What is the only white wine DOCG in Tuscany?

A

Vernaccia di San Gimignano DOCG.

94
Q

What is the style of wines in Elba Aleatico Passito DOCG?

A

Sweet red passito wines from Aleatico grapes.

95
Q

What distinguishes Suvereto DOCG?

A

Focus on red wines from Sangiovese, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Merlot.

96
Q

What is Ansonica Costa dell’Argentario DOC?

A

White wines made from Ansonica (Inzolia) near the Tuscan coast.

97
Q

What is the role of Petit Verdot in Maremma Toscana DOC?

A

Often blended with Sangiovese for structure and color.

Advanced Sommelier (24 decks)

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