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Advanced Sommelier > New Zealand > Flashcards

New Zealand Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most widely planted grape variety in New Zealand?

A

Sauvignon Blanc.

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2
Q

What is the second most widely planted grape variety in New Zealand?

A

Pinot Noir.

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3
Q

What percentage of New Zealand’s wine production is exported?

A

Approximately 90%.

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4
Q

What is the primary export market for New Zealand wines?

A

The United States, followed by the United Kingdom and Australia.

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5
Q

What is the climate of most New Zealand wine regions?

A

Cool maritime.

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6
Q

What are the two main islands of New Zealand where wine is produced?

A

North Island and South Island.

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7
Q

What is the role of the Southern Alps in South Island viticulture?

A

Provides a rain shadow effect, creating dry conditions ideal for grape growing.

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8
Q

What is the labeling law for varietal wines in New Zealand?

A

At least 85% of the wine must be from the stated variety, vintage, and region.

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9
Q

What is New Zealand’s sustainability initiative in viticulture?

A

Sustainable Winegrowing New Zealand (SWNZ), adopted by over 96% of vineyards.

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10
Q

What is the typical alcohol range for New Zealand Sauvignon Blanc?

A

12.5–13.5%.

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11
Q

What percentage of New Zealand’s wine production comes from Marlborough?

A

Approximately 75%.

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12
Q

What are the three primary subregions of Marlborough?

A

Wairau Valley, Awatere Valley, and Southern Valleys.

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13
Q

Describe Sauvignon Blanc from Wairau Valley.

A

Ripe tropical fruit flavors like passionfruit and guava.

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14
Q

Describe Sauvignon Blanc from Awatere Valley.

A

Herbaceous and grassy notes with higher acidity.

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15
Q

What is a notable producer of Sauvignon Blanc in Marlborough?

A

Cloudy Bay.

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16
Q

What is the typical residual sugar range for dry Sauvignon Blanc from Marlborough?

A

Less than 3 g/L.

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17
Q

What is a notable producer of sparkling wine in Marlborough?

A

Nautilus Estate.

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18
Q

What distinguishes Pinot Noir from Marlborough compared to Central Otago?

A

Marlborough Pinot Noir is lighter-bodied with red fruit and herbal notes.

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19
Q

What is the climate influence of Marlborough’s proximity to Cook Strait?

A

Moderates temperatures and reduces frost risk.

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20
Q

What is the primary grape variety of Central Otago?

A

Pinot Noir.

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21
Q

What is the climate of Central Otago?

A

Semi-continental, with high diurnal temperature variation.

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22
Q

What are the key subregions of Central Otago?

A

Bannockburn, Gibbston, Alexandra, Cromwell Basin, and Wanaka.

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23
Q

What is a notable producer in Central Otago?

A

Felton Road, known for biodynamic Pinot Noir.

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24
Q

What is the average vineyard altitude in Central Otago?

A

200–400 meters above sea level.

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25
Q

What is the typical alcohol range for Central Otago Pinot Noir?

A

13–14.5%.

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26
Q

What is the significance of the Arrow Basin for Central Otago viticulture?

A

Known for some of the region’s most premium Pinot Noir vineyards.

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27
Q

What is the primary red grape variety of Hawke’s Bay?

A

Merlot.

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28
Q

What is the significance of Gimblett Gravels in Hawke’s Bay?

A

An iconic subregion producing premium Bordeaux blends and Syrah on gravelly soils.

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29
Q

What is the primary white grape variety of Hawke’s Bay?

A

Chardonnay.

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30
Q

Describe Syrah from Hawke’s Bay.

A

Elegant, peppery wines with black fruit and floral notes.

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31
Q

What is the climate of Hawke’s Bay?

A

Warm maritime, with long sunshine hours.

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32
Q

What is a notable producer in Gimblett Gravels?

A

Craggy Range, known for Bordeaux blends and Syrah.

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33
Q

What is the role of the Ngaruroro River in Gimblett Gravels?

A

Its historic course created the stony soils ideal for viticulture.

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34
Q

What is the typical alcohol range for Chardonnay from Hawke’s Bay?

A

13–14%.

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35
Q

What is the primary style of wines from Bridge Pa Triangle in Hawke’s Bay?

A

Soft, fruit-driven reds from Merlot and Syrah.

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36
Q

What distinguishes Sauvignon Blanc from Hawke’s Bay compared to Marlborough?

A

Riper, rounder, and less herbaceous, often with tropical and citrus notes.

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37
Q

What is the primary wine-producing subregion of Wairarapa?

A

Martinborough.

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38
Q

What is the primary grape variety of Martinborough?

A

Pinot Noir.

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39
Q

What distinguishes Pinot Noir from Martinborough?

A

Structured and savory, with red fruit, spice, and earthy notes.

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40
Q

What is a notable producer in Martinborough?

A

Ata Rangi, known for its benchmark Pinot Noir.

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41
Q

What is the primary grape variety of Waipara?

A

Riesling, followed by Pinot Noir.

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42
Q

What distinguishes Riesling from Waipara?

A

High-acid wines with lime, floral, and honeyed notes.

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43
Q

What is the climate of Waipara?

A

Cool maritime with warm summers and long, dry autumns.

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44
Q

What is a notable producer in Waipara?

A

Pegasus Bay, known for its Riesling and Pinot Noir.

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45
Q

What are the primary grape varieties of Nelson?

A

Sauvignon Blanc, Pinot Noir, and Chardonnay.

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46
Q

What distinguishes Nelson Sauvignon Blanc from Marlborough?

A

Riper and more aromatic, with softer acidity and tropical fruit notes.

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47
Q

What is the significance of Sustainable Winegrowing New Zealand (SWNZ)?

A

A nationwide sustainability program ensuring environmentally friendly viticulture and winemaking.

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48
Q

What is the role of diurnal temperature variation in New Zealand’s vineyards?

A

Promotes slow ripening, enhancing acidity and aromatic intensity.

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49
Q

What is the typical annual rainfall in New Zealand wine regions?

A

600–1,200 mm, varying by region.

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50
Q

What percentage of New Zealand’s wine production is Sauvignon Blanc?

A

Approximately 62%.

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51
Q

What is the largest wine region on New Zealand’s North Island?

A

Hawke’s Bay.

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52
Q

What is the most southerly wine-producing region in New Zealand?

A

Central Otago.

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53
Q

What is the most widely planted red grape variety in New Zealand?

A

Pinot Noir.

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54
Q

What is New Zealand’s primary sparkling wine-producing region?

A

Marlborough.

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55
Q

What is the typical alcohol range for New Zealand Pinot Noir?

A

12.5–14%.

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56
Q

What is the primary style of wines from New Zealand’s North Island compared to South Island?

A

North Island wines tend to be riper and fuller-bodied due to warmer temperatures.

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57
Q

What is the typical aging potential for Marlborough Sauvignon Blanc?

A

Most are consumed young, but premium examples can age 3–5 years.

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58
Q

What distinguishes Chardonnay from Marlborough?

A

Crisp and mineral-driven with citrus and stone fruit notes.

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59
Q

What is a notable producer of Pinot Noir in Marlborough?

A

Dog Point Vineyard.

60
Q

What is the influence of gravel soils in Marlborough?

A

Provides excellent drainage, contributing to concentrated fruit flavors.

61
Q

What is the significance of Brancott Estate in Marlborough?

A

One of the first wineries to plant Sauvignon Blanc in the region.

62
Q

What is the role of the Wairau River in Marlborough viticulture?

A

Creates fertile soils and influences vineyard microclimates.

63
Q

What is the average growing season temperature in Marlborough?

A

17–18°C (63–64°F).

64
Q

What is the primary method of fermentation for Sauvignon Blanc in Marlborough?

A

Typically fermented in stainless steel to preserve aromatic intensity.

65
Q

What is the typical style of rosé wines from Marlborough?

A

Crisp and dry, often made from Pinot Noir.

66
Q

What is a notable organic producer in Marlborough?

A

Seresin Estate, known for biodynamic practices.

67
Q

What is the primary soil type in Central Otago?

A

Schist and gravel with sandy loam.

68
Q

What distinguishes Riesling from Central Otago compared to Waipara?

A

Central Otago Riesling is more mineral-driven with higher acidity.

69
Q

What is the significance of Mount Difficulty Winery in Central Otago?

A

Known for its Bannockburn Pinot Noir.

70
Q

What is the average annual rainfall in Central Otago?

A

Approximately 400–600 mm, making it one of New Zealand’s driest regions.

71
Q

What is the typical style of Pinot Gris from Central Otago?

A

Rich and textured with stone fruit and spice.

72
Q

What is the role of frost management in Central Otago vineyards?

A

Frost fans and water sprinklers are used to protect vines during spring frosts.

73
Q

What distinguishes Pinot Noir from Gibbston compared to Bannockburn?

A

Gibbston Pinot Noir is lighter and more perfumed due to cooler temperatures.

74
Q

What is a notable sparkling wine producer in Central Otago?

A

Quartz Reef, known for traditional method sparkling wines.

75
Q

What is the role of organic viticulture in Central Otago?

A

Many producers adopt organic practices to preserve the region’s pristine environment.

76
Q

What is the typical harvest period for Pinot Noir in Central Otago?

A

Late March to early April.

77
Q

What is the primary style of Chardonnay from Hawke’s Bay?

A

Full-bodied, often oaked, with ripe stone fruit and nutty flavors.

78
Q

What is the significance of Te Mata Estate in Hawke’s Bay?

A

One of New Zealand’s oldest wineries, known for its Bordeaux blends.

79
Q

What distinguishes Syrah from Gimblett Gravels compared to Coonawarra?

A

Gimblett Gravels Syrah is more aromatic, with black pepper and floral notes.

80
Q

What is the role of river gravels in Gimblett Gravels viticulture?

A

Provides excellent drainage, ideal for ripening red varieties.

81
Q

What is a notable producer in Bridge Pa Triangle?

A

Paritua Vineyards.

82
Q

What is the climate of Hawke’s Bay?

A

Warm and sunny, with long growing seasons.

83
Q

What distinguishes Merlot from Hawke’s Bay compared to Bordeaux?

A

Riper and softer, with red fruit and less tannin structure.

84
Q

What is the primary style of wines from Crownthorpe?

A

High-acid, mineral-driven whites like Sauvignon Blanc and Chardonnay.

85
Q

What is the typical alcohol range for Syrah from Hawke’s Bay?

A

13–14.5%.

86
Q

What is the average growing season temperature in Hawke’s Bay?

A

18–19°C (64–66°F).

87
Q

What is the significance of Waipara for Riesling production?

A

Produces some of New Zealand’s most age-worthy Rieslings.

88
Q

What is the typical alcohol range for Pinot Noir from Waipara?

A

12.5–13.5%.

89
Q

What distinguishes Chardonnay from Waipara compared to Marlborough?

A

Fuller-bodied with riper fruit and more pronounced oak influence.

90
Q

What is the primary soil type in Waipara?

A

Limestone-rich soils.

91
Q

What is a notable producer in Waipara?

A

Greystone Wines, known for biodynamic practices.

92
Q

What distinguishes Pinot Noir from Nelson compared to Central Otago?

A

Lighter-bodied with red fruit and floral notes.

93
Q

What is the typical style of Sauvignon Blanc from Nelson?

A

Softer and rounder, with tropical fruit and lower acidity than Marlborough.

94
Q

What is a notable producer in Nelson?

A

Neudorf Vineyards.

95
Q

What is the primary climate influence on Nelson vineyards?

A

Coastal breezes moderate temperatures and reduce disease pressure.

96
Q

What is the role of low-yield viticulture in Nelson?

A

Enhances concentration and complexity in the wines.

97
Q

What is the primary training system used in New Zealand vineyards?

A

Vertical Shoot Positioning (VSP)

98
Q

What is the role of canopy management in New Zealand viticulture?

A

Enhances airflow, reduces disease pressure, and ensures even ripening

99
Q

What is the significance of screw caps in New Zealand winemaking?

A

Preserving freshness and preventing cork taint

100
Q

What percentage of New Zealand’s vineyards are certified sustainable?

A

Over 96%

101
Q

What is the typical winemaking style for New Zealand Sauvignon Blanc?

A

Cool fermentation in stainless steel to preserve aromatics and acidity

102
Q

What is the most widely planted red grape variety on New Zealand’s North Island?

A

Merlot

103
Q

What is the influence of ocean proximity on New Zealand vineyards?

A

Moderates temperatures, reduces frost risk, and enhances acidity in wines

104
Q

What is the role of volcanic soils in New Zealand’s wine regions?

A

Provides excellent drainage and contributes to minerality in wines

105
Q

What is the average vineyard altitude in New Zealand?

A

100–400 meters above sea level

106
Q

What is the significance of late harvest wines in New Zealand?

A

Showcasing intense sweetness balanced by high acidity

107
Q

What is the typical harvest period for Sauvignon Blanc in Marlborough?

A

Mid-March to mid-April

108
Q

What distinguishes rosé wines from Marlborough compared to Central Otago?

A

Marlborough rosés are crisper with more herbaceous notes

109
Q

What is a notable subregion of Marlborough for Pinot Noir?

A

Southern Valleys

110
Q

What is the typical acidity level for Sauvignon Blanc from Marlborough?

A

High acidity, with pH levels often around 3.1–3.3

111
Q

What distinguishes sparkling wines from Marlborough compared to Champagne?

A

Marlborough sparkling wines are typically fruitier

112
Q

What is the role of Awatere Valley’s cooler climate in Marlborough Sauvignon Blanc?

A

Preserves herbaceous and citrus notes with vibrant acidity

113
Q

What is a notable producer of organic wines in Marlborough?

A

Huia Vineyards

114
Q

What is the primary soil type in the Southern Valleys subregion of Marlborough?

A

Clay-rich soils

115
Q

What is the role of blending in Marlborough Sauvignon Blanc?

A

Grapes from different subregions are often blended for complexity

116
Q

What is the aging potential of premium Marlborough Chardonnay?

A

5–8 years

117
Q

What is the average growing season temperature in Central Otago?

A

16–18°C (61–64°F)

118
Q

What distinguishes Pinot Noir from Alexandra compared to Bannockburn?

A

Alexandra Pinot Noir is more elegant and lighter

119
Q

What is the significance of Quartz Reef Vineyard in Central Otago?

A

Known for its biodynamic practices and premium sparkling wines

120
Q

What is the influence of schist soils on Central Otago wines?

A

Adds minerality and complexity

121
Q

What is the role of diurnal range in Central Otago Pinot Noir?

A

Enhances color, tannin structure, and aromatic intensity

122
Q

What is the typical residual sugar level in dry Riesling from Central Otago?

A

Less than 5 g/L

123
Q

What is a notable producer of Pinot Gris in Central Otago?

A

Mt. Difficulty

124
Q

What is the significance of biodynamic viticulture in Central Otago?

A

Focus on biodynamic farming to enhance terroir expression

125
Q

What is the typical style of Pinot Noir from Cromwell Basin?

A

Rich, full-bodied, with dark fruit and earthy undertones

126
Q

What is the significance of frost fans in Central Otago vineyards?

A

Used to protect vines from spring frosts

127
Q

What distinguishes Syrah from Hawke’s Bay compared to Australia’s Shiraz?

A

Hawke’s Bay Syrah is more elegant with less fruit ripeness

128
Q

What is the typical soil composition of Gimblett Gravels?

A

Gravelly soils over alluvial deposits

129
Q

What is a notable producer of Bordeaux blends in Gimblett Gravels?

A

Trinity Hill

130
Q

What is the role of oak aging in Chardonnay from Hawke’s Bay?

A

Enhances texture and adds flavors of vanilla, nutmeg, and toast

131
Q

What is the significance of Te Mata Coleraine in Hawke’s Bay?

A

A flagship Bordeaux-style blend

132
Q

What is the role of the Tukituki River in Hawke’s Bay?

A

Influences soil composition and microclimates

133
Q

What is the primary style of Sauvignon Blanc from Hawke’s Bay?

A

Riper and less herbaceous compared to Marlborough

134
Q

What is a notable organic producer in Hawke’s Bay?

A

Millton Vineyards

135
Q

What is the aging potential of premium Syrah from Hawke’s Bay?

A

8–12 years

136
Q

What is the typical alcohol range for Merlot-based blends from Hawke’s Bay?

A

13–14.5%

137
Q

What is the primary soil type in Martinborough?

A

Gravelly alluvial soils

138
Q

What distinguishes Pinot Noir from Martinborough compared to Marlborough?

A

More structured and savory

139
Q

What is a notable producer of Pinot Noir in Martinborough?

A

Escarpment

140
Q

What is the typical style of Sauvignon Blanc from Martinborough?

A

More restrained and textural

141
Q

What is the typical growing season temperature in Martinborough?

A

17–18°C (63–64°F)

142
Q

What is the primary grape variety of Waipara?

A

Riesling

143
Q

What is a notable producer in Waipara?

A

Pyramid Valley

144
Q

What is the role of limestone soils in Waipara viticulture?

A

Enhances minerality and complexity in wines

145
Q

What distinguishes Pinot Noir from Waipara compared to Central Otago?

A

More floral and lighter-bodied

146
Q

What is the average annual rainfall in Waipara?

A

Approximately 600–800 mm

Advanced Sommelier (24 decks)

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