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Piedmont Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

What are the primary red grape varieties of Piedmont?

A

Nebbiolo, Barbera, Dolcetto, Freisa, Brachetto, Grignolino, Ruchè.

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2
Q

What are the primary white grape varieties of Piedmont?

A

Cortese, Arneis, Moscato, Erbaluce, Timorasso.

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3
Q

What is the climate of Piedmont?

A

Continental with significant diurnal temperature variation.

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4
Q

What are the two main soil types in Piedmont?

A

Tortonian (calcareous marl) and Serravallian (sandstone and clay).

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5
Q

What are the two DOCGs most associated with Nebbiolo?

A

Barolo and Barbaresco.

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6
Q

What are the key geographical features of Piedmont?

A

The Alps to the north and west, Apennines to the south, and Po River basin.

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7
Q

What is the most widely planted grape in Piedmont?

A

Barbera.

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8
Q

What is the significance of the ‘Langhe’ designation?

A

A broader regional DOC that includes Barolo and Barbaresco zones.

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9
Q

What is sori in the context of Piedmont?

A

A dialect term for a sunny, south-facing vineyard slope.

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10
Q

What is the meaning of bricco?

A

A hilltop vineyard, often associated with high-quality sites.

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11
Q

What is the aging requirement for Barolo?

A

Minimum 38 months, with at least 18 months in oak.

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12
Q

What is the aging requirement for Barolo Riserva?

A

Minimum 62 months.

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13
Q

What is the aging requirement for Barbaresco?

A

Minimum 24 months, with at least 9 months in oak.

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14
Q

What is the aging requirement for Barbaresco Riserva?

A

Minimum 48 months.

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15
Q

What are the five core communes of Barolo?

A

Barolo, La Morra, Castiglione Falletto, Serralunga d’Alba, Monforte d’Alba.

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16
Q

Which communes of Barolo are known for more elegant, softer wines?

A

Barolo and La Morra (Tortonian soils).

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17
Q

Which communes of Barolo produce more structured and powerful wines?

A

Serralunga d’Alba and Monforte d’Alba (Serravallian soils).

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18
Q

What are the three permitted grape varieties in Barolo Chinato?

A

Nebbiolo base with aromatized herbs and spices.

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19
Q

What is the minimum alcohol for Barolo and Barbaresco DOCG?

A

12.5%.

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20
Q

What is the primary difference between Barolo and Barbaresco in style?

A

Barbaresco is generally more elegant and approachable in youth.

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21
Q

What is a notable single vineyard (MGA) in Barolo?

A

Cannubi.

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22
Q

What is a notable single vineyard (MGA) in Barbaresco?

A

Asili.

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23
Q

What is the term for legally defined single vineyards in Barolo and Barbaresco?

A

Menzione Geografica Aggiuntiva (MGA).

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24
Q

Who is a prominent traditionalist Barolo producer?

A

Bartolo Mascarello.

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25
Q

Who is a prominent modernist Barolo producer?

A

Elio Altare.

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26
Q

What is the primary grape of Gavi (Cortese di Gavi) DOCG?

A

Cortese.

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27
Q

What style of wine is produced in Asti DOCG?

A

Sparkling wine from Moscato Bianco, both fully sparkling (Asti Spumante) and frizzante.

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28
Q

What is the primary grape of Roero DOCG?

A

White: Arneis; Red: Nebbiolo.

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29
Q

What distinguishes Nizza DOCG from Barbera d’Asti?

A

Nizza is 100% Barbera with stricter quality standards.

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30
Q

What grape is used in Dogliani DOCG?

A

Dolcetto.

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31
Q

What styles of wine are produced in Erbaluce di Caluso DOCG?

A

Dry white, sparkling, and passito wines from Erbaluce.

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32
Q

What is the primary grape of Brachetto d’Acqui DOCG?

A

Brachetto, used for sweet, sparkling reds.

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33
Q

What is the aging requirement for Ghemme DOCG?

A

Minimum 34 months, with at least 18 months in oak.

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34
Q

What is the aging requirement for Gattinara DOCG?

A

Minimum 35 months, with at least 24 months in oak.

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35
Q

What is the primary grape for Gattinara and Ghemme DOCGs?

A

Nebbiolo (locally known as Spanna).

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36
Q

What is Ruchè, and where is it grown?

A

A rare red grape grown in Ruchè di Castagnole Monferrato DOCG.

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37
Q

What is Grignolino, and how is it typically styled?

A

A light-bodied red with high acidity and tannin, often pale in color.

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38
Q

What distinguishes Freisa wines?

A

Semi-sparkling or still reds with high acidity and light tannins.

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39
Q

What is the primary grape of Alta Langa DOCG?

A

Chardonnay and Pinot Noir for traditional method sparkling wines.

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40
Q

What distinguishes Moscato d’Asti from Asti Spumante?

A

Moscato d’Asti is lower in alcohol (5-6%) and less effervescent.

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41
Q

What is Nebbiolo Rosé?

A

A clonal variation of Nebbiolo, occasionally used in Piedmont blends.

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42
Q

What is the aging potential of Barbera wines?

A

High-quality Barbera can age 10-15 years, but most are consumed young.

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43
Q

What is the typical flavor profile of Timorasso wines?

A

Full-bodied whites with notes of stone fruit, honey, and minerality.

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44
Q

What is the traditional food pairing for Dolcetto?

A

Simple pasta dishes or cured meats.

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45
Q

What is the significance of Vespolina?

A

A blending grape in Ghemme and Gattinara, adding spiciness and floral notes.

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46
Q

What is a notable producer of Gavi DOCG?

A

La Scolca.

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47
Q

What is a benchmark producer of Barolo from Cannubi?

A

Marchesi di Barolo.

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48
Q

Who produces Barbaresco from the Asili MGA?

A

Bruno Giacosa.

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49
Q

What is the style of Elvio Cogno’s wines?

A

Modernist Barolos with emphasis on single-vineyard expressions.

50
Q

What distinguishes Giacomo Conterno’s ‘Monfortino’?

A

A legendary Barolo Riserva from the Francia vineyard, known for long aging potential.

51
Q

What grape variety is used exclusively in Barolo and Barbaresco?

A

Nebbiolo.

52
Q

What is the minimum planting density for Barolo DOCG vineyards?

A

3,500 vines per hectare.

53
Q

What is the average annual production for Barolo DOCG?

A

Approximately 13 million bottles.

54
Q

What is the average annual production for Barbaresco DOCG?

A

Approximately 4 million bottles.

55
Q

What is the minimum aging for Barolo Riserva?

A

62 months.

56
Q

What is the minimum aging for Barbaresco Riserva?

A

48 months.

57
Q

What is the difference in required oak aging between Barolo and Barbaresco?

A

Barolo requires 18 months, while Barbaresco requires 9 months.

58
Q

What are the traditional winemaking techniques used in Barolo?

A

Long maceration (20-60 days) and aging in large Slavonian oak casks (botti grandi).

59
Q

What is the typical alcohol content of Barolo and Barbaresco wines?

A

13-15%.

60
Q

What is the typical tannin and acidity profile of Nebbiolo in Barolo and Barbaresco?

A

High tannins, high acidity.

61
Q

What is the largest commune in Barolo DOCG by vineyard area?

A

La Morra.

62
Q

What is the smallest commune in Barolo DOCG by vineyard area?

A

Castiglione Falletto.

63
Q

Name a notable vineyard in Barolo commune.

A

Cannubi.

64
Q

Name a notable vineyard in La Morra commune.

A

Brunate.

65
Q

What is a key characteristic of wines from La Morra?

A

Softer, more floral, and elegant due to Tortonian soils.

66
Q

Name a notable vineyard in Serralunga d’Alba.

A

Vigna Rionda.

67
Q

What is a key characteristic of wines from Serralunga d’Alba?

A

Structured and long-lived due to Serravallian soils.

68
Q

What is a notable vineyard in Monforte d’Alba?

A

Ginestra.

69
Q

What is a key characteristic of wines from Monforte d’Alba?

A

Bold, tannic wines with dark fruit and spice notes.

70
Q

Name a notable vineyard in Castiglione Falletto.

A

Bricco Boschis.

71
Q

What is a key characteristic of wines from Castiglione Falletto?

A

Balance between power and elegance.

72
Q

What is the elevation range of Barolo vineyards?

A

200-450 meters above sea level.

73
Q

Which Barolo vineyard is considered the ‘grand cru’ of Cannubi?

A

Cannubi Boschis.

74
Q

What distinguishes Rocche di Castiglione as a vineyard?

A

Known for producing elegant and aromatic wines.

75
Q

What is the significance of Monprivato in Barolo?

A

A historic single-vineyard owned and cultivated by Giuseppe Mascarello.

76
Q

What are the three main communes of Barbaresco?

A

Barbaresco, Neive, Treiso.

77
Q

What is the largest commune in Barbaresco DOCG?

A

Neive.

78
Q

What is the smallest commune in Barbaresco DOCG?

A

Treiso.

79
Q

Name a notable vineyard in Barbaresco commune.

A

Asili.

80
Q

What is a key characteristic of wines from Asili?

A

Elegance, floral aromas, and refined tannins.

81
Q

Name a notable vineyard in Neive commune.

A

Gallina.

82
Q

What is a key characteristic of wines from Gallina?

A

Ripe, opulent fruit with softer tannins.

83
Q

Name a notable vineyard in Treiso commune.

A

Pajorè.

84
Q

What is a key characteristic of wines from Pajorè?

A

Structured and aromatic wines with pronounced minerality.

85
Q

What is the elevation range of Barbaresco vineyards?

A

150-300 meters above sea level.

86
Q

What distinguishes Rabajà as a Barbaresco vineyard?

A

Known for balance and complexity, often considered a benchmark.

87
Q

What is the significance of Produttori del Barbaresco?

A

A cooperative producing single-vineyard Barbarescos from top sites.

88
Q

What is the role of sandy soils in Barbaresco vineyards?

A

Produces lighter, more aromatic wines.

89
Q

Which vineyard is shared between Barbaresco and Treiso communes?

A

San Stefanetto.

90
Q

What is the typical style of wines from Barbaresco compared to Barolo?

A

Softer tannins and earlier approachability.

91
Q

What is the philosophy of traditionalist Barolo producers?

A

Long maceration and aging in large Slavonian oak casks.

92
Q

What is the philosophy of modernist Barolo producers?

A

Shorter maceration and aging in French oak barriques.

93
Q

What is the significance of Bartolo Mascarello in Barolo winemaking?

A

A staunch traditionalist known for blending vineyards.

94
Q

What is the flagship vineyard for Bruno Giacosa’s Barbaresco?

A

Asili.

95
Q

Who produces the Barolo Riserva ‘Monfortino’?

A

Giacomo Conterno.

96
Q

What is the flagship Barbaresco of Angelo Gaja?

A

Costa Russi (and others, but technically under Langhe DOC).

97
Q

What distinguishes Elio Altare’s Barolo wines?

A

Modernist style with rich fruit and polished tannins.

98
Q

What is the significance of Vietti’s ‘Castiglione’?

A

A blend from multiple Barolo vineyards.

99
Q

Who produces single-vineyard Barolo from Cannubi Boschis?

A

Luciano Sandrone.

100
Q

What distinguishes Giuseppe Rinaldi’s Barolo wines?

A

Traditionalist style with long aging in large casks.

101
Q

What is the historical significance of the Tanaro River in Piedmont?

A

Divides the Barolo and Barbaresco zones from Roero and moderates the climate.

102
Q

What are the three main soils in Piedmont’s vineyards?

A

Tortonian (calcareous marl), Serravallian (sandstone and clay), and alluvial soils.

103
Q

What is the difference between Nebbiolo from Gattinara and Barolo?

A

Gattinara Nebbiolo (Spanna) is typically lighter and more mineral-driven.

104
Q

What is the DOCG for Nebbiolo in the Roero region?

A

Roero DOCG.

105
Q

What distinguishes Barbera d’Asti Superiore Nizza from standard Barbera d’Asti?

A

Nizza must be 100% Barbera and meet stricter aging requirements.

106
Q

What is the maximum residual sugar for Moscato d’Asti DOCG?

A

55 g/L.

107
Q

What distinguishes Erbaluce from other Piedmont white grapes?

A

High acidity and ability to produce still, sparkling, and passito wines.

108
Q

What are the aromatic characteristics of Brachetto?

A

Floral notes, red berry fruit, and a touch of spice.

109
Q

What is Freisa’s role in Piedmont’s winemaking?

A

Often used for light, slightly fizzy reds or still wines with high acidity.

110
Q

What is the role of Cortese in Gavi DOCG?

A

Produces crisp, mineral-driven white wines with citrus and floral notes.

111
Q

What is the role of Aldo Conterno in modern Barolo winemaking?

A

A pioneer blending traditional and modern techniques for balanced wines.

112
Q

Who is known for single-vineyard Barbaresco bottlings like Rabajà?

A

Produttori del Barbaresco.

113
Q

What made the 2016 vintage in Barolo and Barbaresco special?

A

Excellent balance, structure, and aging potential due to ideal growing conditions.

114
Q

What is the flagship Barolo vineyard for Elio Altare?

A

Arborina.

115
Q

What styles of wine are produced under Colli Tortonesi DOC?

A

Dry white wines from Timorasso, as well as reds and rosés.

116
Q

What makes Boca DOC unique in Northern Piedmont?

A

High elevation, volcanic soils, and Nebbiolo blends with Vespolina.

117
Q

What is unique about Ruchè di Castagnole Monferrato DOCG?

A

Produces aromatic, floral red wines from the rare Ruchè grape.

118
Q

What distinguishes Dolcetto di Ovada Superiore DOCG?

A

More structured and age-worthy Dolcetto wines compared to other appellations.

119
Q

What is marcottage, and how is it used in Piedmont?

A

A traditional vine layering technique to replace old or damaged vines.

120
Q

What is the impact of fog (nebbia) on Nebbiolo in Piedmont?

A

Encourages slow ripening and enhances aromatic complexity.

Advanced Sommelier (9 decks)

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