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Advanced Sommelier > Other Europe > Flashcards

Other Europe Flashcards

1
Q

What does the PDO (Protected Designation of Origin) signify in European wines?

A

Indicates wines with specific geographical origins and production regulations.

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2
Q

What is the equivalent of PDO in Italy and Spain?

A

DOC/DOCG in Italy, DO/DOCa in Spain.

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3
Q

What are the two primary wine classifications in Greece?

A

PDO (Protected Designation of Origin) and PGI (Protected Geographical Indication).

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4
Q

What is the key difference between PDO and PGI wines?

A

PDO wines have stricter regulations, while PGI wines allow more flexibility in grape varieties and styles.

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5
Q

What is ‘Kvevri’ in Georgian winemaking?

A

A traditional clay vessel used for fermenting and aging wine.

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6
Q

What is the importance of the Peloponnese region in Greek winemaking?

A

Known for producing PDO wines like Nemea (Agiorgitiko) and Patras (Roditis).

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7
Q

What is the climate of Slovenia’s wine regions?

A

Continental with Mediterranean influences, depending on the region.

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8
Q

What is the primary grape of Tokaj in Hungary?

A

Furmint, often blended with Hárslevelű.

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9
Q

What differentiates Swiss wines from other European wines?

A

High-altitude vineyards and unique indigenous varieties like Chasselas.

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10
Q

What is the primary grape of Nemea PDO?

A

Agiorgitiko, known for its soft, fruity reds.

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11
Q

What are Santorini PDO wines known for?

A

Whites made from Assyrtiko grown in volcanic soils, known for their high acidity and minerality.

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12
Q

What is the traditional vine training system used in Santorini?

A

Basket-shaped kouloura to protect vines from harsh winds and sun.

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13
Q

What is the primary grape of Naoussa PDO?

A

Xinomavro, producing tannic and age-worthy reds.

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14
Q

What is the typical style of wines from Mantinia PDO?

A

Crisp, aromatic whites made from Moschofilero.

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15
Q

What is Retsina?

A

A traditional Greek wine flavored with pine resin, typically made from Savatiano.

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16
Q

What differentiates Assyrtiko from Santorini compared to mainland Greece?

A

Santorini Assyrtiko is more mineral-driven with saline notes due to volcanic soils.

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17
Q

What is the primary grape of Samos PDO?

A

Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains, used for sweet wines.

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18
Q

What is the aging potential of high-quality Xinomavro wines?

A

10–20 years.

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19
Q

What are the three main wine regions of Slovenia?

A

Primorska, Podravje, and Posavje.

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20
Q

What is the most important subregion in Primorska?

A

Goriška Brda, known for high-quality white and orange wines.

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21
Q

What is the primary grape of Goriška Brda?

A

Rebula (Ribolla Gialla).

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22
Q

How and where are orange wines made from Slovenia?

A

Traditional extended skin-contact wines, particularly from Primorska.

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23
Q

What is the climate of the Primorska region?

A

Mediterranean with cooling influences from the Alps.

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24
Q

What is the primary style of wines from Podravje?

A

Aromatic whites made from grapes like Laski Rizling (Welschriesling) and Sauvignon Blanc.

25
Q

What is Cviček?

A

A light red/rosé wine blend from Posavje, known for its low alcohol and tartness.

26
Q

What distinguishes Slovenian Rebula wines from Italian Ribolla Gialla?

A

Slovenian Rebula often has more structure and complexity, particularly in orange wine styles.

27
Q

What is the aging potential of high-quality Slovenian orange wines?

A

10+ years.

28
Q

What is the Vipava Valley in Primorska known for?

A

Known for elegant whites and reds with a focus on traditional methods.

29
Q

What is the primary grape of Tokaj?

A

Furmint, often blended with Hárslevelű and Muscat.

30
Q

What is Tokaji Aszú?

A

A sweet wine made from botrytized grapes, ranked by puttonyos (level of sweetness).

31
Q

What is the minimum residual sugar for Tokaji Eszencia?

A

At least 450 g/L.

32
Q

What is Egri Bikavér?

A

Known as ‘Bull’s Blood,’ a red blend from Eger, primarily using Kékfrankos (Blaufränkisch).

33
Q

What distinguishes Hungarian Kékfrankos from Austrian Blaufränkisch?

A

Hungarian Kékfrankos is spicier and more rustic.

34
Q

What is the climate of Hungary’s wine regions?

A

Continental with hot summers and cold winters.

35
Q

What is a notable producer in Tokaj?

A

Royal Tokaji Company, known for its premium Aszú wines.

36
Q

What is the aging potential of Tokaji Aszú wines?

A

50+ years for high-quality vintages.

37
Q

What is the primary white grape of Switzerland?

A

Chasselas, known for light, mineral-driven wines.

38
Q

What is the primary red grape of Switzerland?

A

Pinot Noir, followed by Gamay.

39
Q

What is the significance of the Lavaux vineyards in Vaud?

A

A UNESCO World Heritage Site known for terraced vineyards producing high-quality Chasselas.

40
Q

What distinguishes Swiss Chasselas from French wines?

A

Swiss Chasselas is drier and more mineral-driven, with subtle floral and nutty notes.

41
Q

What is Dôle?

A

A red blend from Valais, made primarily from Pinot Noir and Gamay.

42
Q

What is the primary style of wines from Valais?

A

Dry whites and reds, with notable indigenous varieties like Petite Arvine and Cornalin.

43
Q

What is the climate of Switzerland’s wine regions?

A

Alpine, with cool nights and warm days, enhancing acidity and aromatics.

44
Q

What is the role of indigenous varieties in Swiss winemaking?

A

Highlights unique terroirs and traditional methods.

45
Q

What is the primary grape of Jura (France)?

A

Savagnin for whites and Poulsard for reds.

46
Q

What is Vin Jaune from Jura?

A

A sherry-like wine made from Savagnin, aged under a veil of yeast.

47
Q

What is the primary grape of Croatia’s Dalmatian coast?

A

Plavac Mali, a bold, tannic red variety.

48
Q

What is the significance of Georgia in winemaking history?

A

Known as the birthplace of winemaking, with 8,000+ years of history.

49
Q

What is the primary grape of Georgia’s Kakheti region?

A

Rkatsiteli for whites and Saperavi for reds.

50
Q

What distinguishes orange wines from Georgia?

A

Extended skin-contact whites aged in kvevri (amphorae).

51
Q

What is the primary grape of Italy’s Alto Adige for whites?

A

Pinot Grigio and Gewürztraminer.

52
Q

What is the primary grape of Portugal’s Dão for reds?

A

Touriga Nacional.

53
Q

What is the significance of Cyprus Commandaria?

A

A historic sweet wine made from sun-dried Xynisteri and Mavro grapes.

54
Q

What is the primary grape of Romania’s Cotnari region?

A

Grasa de Cotnari, used to produce sweet and aromatic wines.

This grape variety is known for its unique flavor profile and is a key part of Romania’s wine heritage.

55
Q

What distinguishes Austria’s Vulkanland Steiermark DAC wines?

A

Wines from volcanic soils with pronounced minerality, primarily made from Sauvignon Blanc and Pinot Blanc.

The volcanic terroir contributes to the distinctive character of these wines.

56
Q

What is the primary grape of Bulgaria’s Thracian Valley?

A

Mavrud, a deeply colored, tannic red variety.

Mavrud is considered one of Bulgaria’s indigenous grape varieties, offering unique tasting experiences.

57
Q

What is the significance of Vin de Constance from South Africa?

A

While not European, it is historically relevant as a sweet wine highly prized by European royalty in the 18th century.

Vin de Constance has a rich history and is known for its luscious sweetness and complexity.

58
Q

What is the primary grape of Macedonia’s Tikveš region?

A

Vranac, a bold red grape known for its dark fruit and spice.

Vranac is a key variety in the region, contributing to its reputation for robust red wines.

59
Q

Describe wines from Luxembourg’s Moselle Valley.

A

Light, high-acid whites similar to Mosel but with a focus on Rivaner (Müller-Thurgau) and Auxerrois.

The Moselle Valley wines are often characterized by their refreshing acidity and fruit-forward profiles.

Advanced Sommelier (24 decks)

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