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Burgundy Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

What is the origin of Burgundy’s fragmented vineyard ownership?

A

The Napoleonic Code mandated inheritance laws that divided vineyards among heirs.

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2
Q

What are the two primary fault lines influencing the Côte d’Or’s geology?

A

Saône Fault and Bresse Rift.

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3
Q

Define the term climat in Burgundy.

A

A precisely defined vineyard site with unique terroir and historical delineation.

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4
Q

What is lutte raisonnée and how is it relevant in Burgundy?

A

A sustainable viticultural approach involving minimal intervention, often practiced in Burgundy.

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5
Q

What are the four key soil types in Burgundy’s Côte d’Or?

A
  • Marl
  • Limestone
  • Clay
  • Scree
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6
Q

What is the difference between marl and limestone in wine production?

A

Marl (clay-rich limestone) is better for Chardonnay, while limestone provides ideal drainage for Pinot Noir.

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7
Q

What is the importance of the Clos designation?

A

Indicates a walled vineyard, historically signifying importance; many are Grand Crus today.

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8
Q

What are lieux-dits?

A

Non-classified, named vineyard plots used for labeling at the village level.

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9
Q

What geological distinction separates Petit Chablis from Chablis AOC?

A

Petit Chablis is planted on Portlandian limestone, while Chablis AOC is on Kimmeridgian marl.

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10
Q

What is pied de cuve and how is it used in Chablis?

A

A starter culture of native yeast used to encourage fermentation in traditional winemaking.

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11
Q

Which Chablis Grand Cru is the largest?

A

Les Clos.

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12
Q

Which Chablis Grand Cru faces the most westward and often produces the richest wines?

A

Vaudésir.

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13
Q

What is the primary climate hazard in Chablis, and how is it mitigated?

A

Frost; mitigated by heaters (chaufferettes) and sprinklers (aspersion).

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14
Q

Why might some Chablis producers use oak for aging?

A

To add texture and complexity, particularly for Grand Cru wines.

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15
Q

What is vin de goutte versus vin de presse in Chablis winemaking?

A

Vin de goutte is free-run juice, while vin de presse is extracted under pressure.

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16
Q

What is the key difference between the Côte de Nuits and Côte de Beaune in wine production?

A

Côte de Nuits specializes in Pinot Noir; Côte de Beaune produces more white wine.

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17
Q

What is the monopole Grand Cru in Vosne-Romanée owned by Domaine de la Romanée-Conti?

A

Romanée-Conti.

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18
Q

Name three producers in Gevrey-Chambertin known for Grand Cru holdings.

A
  • Domaine Armand Rousseau
  • Domaine Fourrier
  • Domaine Dugat-Py
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19
Q

What is the highest-altitude Grand Cru in the Côte de Nuits?

A

Clos de Vougeot.

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20
Q

What is the primary soil composition of Montrachet Grand Cru?

A

Brown limestone with fine gravel and marl.

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21
Q

What is the primary soil composition of Romanée-Conti?

A

Deep clay-limestone with excellent drainage.

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22
Q

Name a Grand Cru in Côte de Beaune known for red wine.

A

Corton.

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23
Q

What is the significance of Les Amoureuses in Chambolle-Musigny?

A

A Premier Cru often considered Grand Cru quality.

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24
Q

Name three factors that contribute to the elegance of Chambolle-Musigny wines.

A
  • Higher limestone content
  • Lower clay
  • An east-facing aspect
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25
Q

What is the only Grand Cru of Puligny-Montrachet entirely within its borders?

A

Chevalier-Montrachet.

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26
Q

What is the smallest Grand Cru in Burgundy?

A

La Romanée.

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27
Q

Which Grand Cru straddles both Puligny-Montrachet and Chassagne-Montrachet?

A

Montrachet.

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28
Q

What unique style of red wine can be found in Volnay?

A

Elegantly structured, lighter-bodied Pinot Noir with floral notes.

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29
Q

Which Grand Cru vineyard in Aloxe-Corton is shared between three communes?

A

Corton.

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30
Q

Name the five key appellations of the Côte Chalonnaise.

A
  • Bouzeron
  • Rully
  • Mercurey
  • Givry
  • Montagny
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31
Q

What grape is exclusively grown in Bouzeron?

A

Aligoté.

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32
Q

What is the primary soil composition of Mercurey?

A

Marl and limestone.

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33
Q

Why are wines from Givry often less expensive than those from the Côte d’Or?

A

Lower classification prestige and smaller vineyard holdings.

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34
Q

What distinguishes Montagny Premier Cru wines?

A

They are all white wines made from Chardonnay.

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35
Q

What are the five main village appellations of Mâconnais?

A
  • Pouilly-Fuissé
  • Pouilly-Loché
  • Pouilly-Vinzelles
  • Saint-Véran
  • Viré-Clessé
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36
Q

What soil type is dominant in Pouilly-Fuissé?

A

Marl and limestone.

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37
Q

What geological landmark is significant in Pouilly-Fuissé?

A

Rock of Solutré.

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38
Q

Which Mâconnais AOC was the first to gain recognition for quality wines?

A

Pouilly-Fuissé.

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39
Q

What style of wine is Viré-Clessé known for?

A

High-acid Chardonnay with potential for botrytis influence.

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40
Q

What is the difference between Mâcon AOC and Mâcon-Villages AOC?

A

Mâcon AOC includes red, white, and rosé, while Mâcon-Villages is strictly white.

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41
Q

What is the Saône Plain, and how does it affect Burgundy’s terroir?

A

A geological fault creating the escarpment of the Côte d’Or, influencing slope orientation and drainage.

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42
Q

What is the significance of Burgundy’s east-facing slopes?

A

Maximizes sunlight exposure, aiding ripening in a cool continental climate.

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43
Q

What are ban des vendanges?

A

Traditional regulations setting the start date for harvest.

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44
Q

How does elevation impact vineyard classification in the Côte d’Or?

A

Mid-slope sites are typically Premier Cru or Grand Cru due to optimal drainage, exposure, and soil composition.

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45
Q

What is the role of scree in Côte d’Or soils?

A

Provides excellent drainage and moderates vine stress.

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46
Q

What is the key difference in marl content between Côte de Nuits and Côte de Beaune?

A

Côte de Nuits has more clay-rich marl, favoring Pinot Noir; Côte de Beaune is more limestone-rich, benefiting Chardonnay.

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47
Q

What is the combe phenomenon in Burgundy?

A

Valleys that funnel cool air through vineyards, affecting ripeness and freshness.

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48
Q

Which Grand Cru in Gevrey-Chambertin is known for the most structured wines?

A

Chambertin.

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49
Q

What is unique about Clos Saint-Denis in Morey-Saint-Denis?

A

Produces softer, more elegant Pinot Noir due to higher limestone content.

50
Q

What makes Musigny Grand Cru unique in Chambolle-Musigny?

A

It can produce both red and white wines.

51
Q

What is the smallest Grand Cru in the Côte de Nuits?

A

La Romanée.

52
Q

Name the five Grand Crus of Vosne-Romanée.

A

Romanée-Conti, La Romanée, La Tâche, Richebourg, Romanée-Saint-Vivant.

53
Q

What is the only monopole Grand Cru of Morey-Saint-Denis?

A

Clos de Tart.

54
Q

Which Grand Cru of the Côte de Nuits is known for its floral and silky wines?

A

Musigny.

55
Q

What is the significance of Echezeaux versus Grands-Echezeaux?

A

Grands-Echezeaux is smaller and considered higher quality, with more consistent structure and concentration.

56
Q

What distinguishes Clos de Vougeot in terms of terroir?

A

Its large size includes varied soils, leading to inconsistencies in wine quality.

57
Q

Name a producer associated with Bonnes Mares Grand Cru.

A

Domaine Comte Georges de Vogüé.

58
Q

What is the main soil type in Chambertin-Clos de Bèze?

A

Deep limestone with good drainage.

59
Q

Name two Grand Cru vineyards located entirely within Puligny-Montrachet.

A

Chevalier-Montrachet and Bienvenues-Bâtard-Montrachet.

60
Q

What distinguishes Chassagne-Montrachet Grand Crus from Puligny-Montrachet Grand Crus?

A

Chassagne’s wines often have more weight and texture, while Puligny emphasizes precision and minerality.

61
Q

Which Premier Cru in Meursault is considered Grand Cru quality?

A

Les Perrières.

62
Q

What is the largest Grand Cru in the Côte de Beaune?

A

Corton.

63
Q

What is the only Grand Cru in Burgundy that produces both red and white wine?

A

Corton.

64
Q

Which vineyard is shared between Meursault and Puligny-Montrachet?

A

Les Referts.

65
Q

What is the distinguishing feature of Volnay Premier Cru wines?

A

Floral, elegant Pinot Noir with high acidity.

66
Q

Which Grand Cru is shared between Puligny-Montrachet and Chassagne-Montrachet?

A

Montrachet.

67
Q

What is the significance of Saint-Aubin in the Côte de Beaune?

A

Known for high-quality white wines that rival more famous neighbors.

68
Q

Which Grand Cru in Aloxe-Corton produces only white wine?

A

Corton-Charlemagne.

69
Q

What is the primary soil type of Rully?

A

Marl and clay-limestone.

70
Q

Which Côte Chalonnaise AOC is most famous for sparkling wine production?

A

Rully.

71
Q

Which Côte Chalonnaise AOC produces the most red wine?

A

Mercurey.

72
Q

What is unique about Bouzeron’s appellation laws?

A

Focuses exclusively on Aligoté.

73
Q

What distinguishes Montagny Premier Cru wines from other Côte Chalonnaise whites?

A

Higher elevation vineyards, producing crisp and mineral-driven Chardonnay.

74
Q

What is the significance of the Rock of Vergisson in Pouilly-Fuissé?

A

It provides an iconic terroir influence on the region’s wines.

75
Q

What is the key difference between Viré-Clessé and Pouilly-Fuissé?

A

Viré-Clessé often allows for late-harvest, botrytis-affected styles.

76
Q

What distinguishes Saint-Véran from Mâcon-Villages?

A

Saint-Véran has stricter yield limits and higher quality requirements.

77
Q

Which Pouilly AOC is the smallest in size?

A

Pouilly-Loché.

78
Q

Name three producers in Vosne-Romanée with significant Grand Cru holdings.

A

Domaine de la Romanée-Conti, Domaine Leroy, Domaine Anne Gros.

79
Q

Who is a leading producer in Chablis known for minimalist winemaking?

A

François Raveneau.

80
Q

What is a notable producer of Corton-Charlemagne?

A

Bonneau du Martray.

81
Q

Which biodynamic producer is associated with Puligny-Montrachet?

A

Domaine Leflaive.

82
Q

Name a natural wine producer in Burgundy.

A

Domaine Prieuré Roch.

83
Q

What is the importance of Domaine Armand Rousseau in Gevrey-Chambertin?

A

They are pioneers of terroir-driven winemaking and own significant Grand Cru vineyards.

84
Q

Which vintage is known for classic structure and longevity in Burgundy: 2010 or 2015?

A

2010.

85
Q

Which Burgundy vintage is best described as ripe and approachable in youth?

A

2018.

86
Q

Which producer is synonymous with Le Montrachet Grand Cru?

A

Domaine de la Romanée-Conti (DRC) and Domaine Leflaive.

87
Q

Name a producer known for exceptional Bonnes Mares Grand Cru.

A

Domaine Comte Georges de Vogüé.

88
Q

What distinguishes Domaine Coche-Dury’s Meursault wines?

A

They are known for their concentration, complexity, and distinct reductive style.

89
Q

Which vintage is considered one of the best for red Burgundy in the 21st century: 2005 or 2012?

A

2005.

90
Q

Which producer is famous for owning a significant portion of Clos de Vougeot?

A

Château de la Tour.

91
Q

What is Domaine Leroy known for?

A

Biodynamic practices and ultra-low yields, resulting in concentrated wines.

92
Q

Which 2014 Burgundy vintage characteristic stands out for whites?

A

High acidity and precision, excellent for aging.

93
Q

Which Vosne-Romanée Grand Cru is entirely owned by a single producer?

A

La Tâche (monopole of Domaine de la Romanée-Conti).

94
Q

Who is considered the leading producer in Pommard?

A

Domaine Comte Armand (Clos des Epeneaux).

95
Q

Which producer in the Côte de Beaune is particularly known for Puligny-Montrachet Les Pucelles?

A

Domaine Leflaive.

96
Q

What is notable about the 2017 vintage in Burgundy?

A

Fresh, balanced wines, especially strong for whites, with immediate drinkability.

97
Q

What are the two AOCs that overlap in Corton Grand Cru?

A

Aloxe-Corton and Pernand-Vergelesses.

98
Q

What is unique about Saint-Bris AOC in Burgundy?

A

It is the only AOC in Burgundy producing Sauvignon Blanc and Sauvignon Gris.

99
Q

What are the primary blending restrictions for Crémant de Bourgogne?

A

At least 30% Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, Pinot Blanc, or Pinot Gris, with optional Gamay.

100
Q

Which Burgundy AOC permits the inclusion of up to 15% César in red blends?

A

Irancy.

101
Q

What is the main distinction between Passetoutgrains and Bourgogne Rouge?

A

Passetoutgrains requires a blend of Pinot Noir and Gamay (minimum 30% Pinot Noir), while Bourgogne Rouge is 100% Pinot Noir.

102
Q

How does the classification system for Bourgogne Hautes-Côtes differ from Côte d’Or AOCs?

A

Higher elevation and cooler climate, leading to later ripening and fresher styles.

103
Q

What distinguishes Blagny AOC?

A

Only red wines (Pinot Noir) are permitted under Blagny AOC, while whites from the same area fall under Meursault or Puligny-Montrachet.

104
Q

What is unique about Fixin’s Premier Cru wines compared to other Côte de Nuits villages?

A

They are more rustic and tannic, requiring significant aging.

105
Q

What is the purpose of Burgundy’s élevage process?

A

Aging wines in barrels or tanks to enhance structure, complexity, and integration of oak.

106
Q

Which Chablis Grand Cru is known for producing the most austere wines?

A

Blanchot.

107
Q

What is the difference between a Chablis Grand Cru and Premier Cru in terms of slope orientation?

A

Grand Crus face southwest, Premier Crus often face southeast or south.

108
Q

What is the primary feature of Vaillons Premier Cru in Chablis?

A

It is divided into numerous sub-climats, leading to variability in style.

109
Q

Which Chablis Grand Cru is considered the most mineral-driven?

A

Les Clos.

110
Q

What distinguishes Montée de Tonnerre from other Chablis Premier Cru sites?

A

It is often considered Grand Cru quality due to its proximity to the Grand Cru slopes.

111
Q

What classic pairing is associated with Meursault?

A

Lobster in butter sauce.

112
Q

What is the ideal pairing for Chablis Premier Cru?

A

Oysters or other briny shellfish.

113
Q

What is the best food pairing for Volnay Premier Cru?

A

Duck breast or dishes with delicate red fruit sauces.

114
Q

Which Burgundy wine would pair best with Coq au Vin?

A

A structured Pinot Noir from Gevrey-Chambertin or Pommard.

115
Q

What wine from Burgundy complements Époisses cheese?

A

A mature red from Vosne-Romanée or a white from Chassagne-Montrachet.

116
Q

What style of wine is best for pairing with escargot in garlic butter?

A

Chablis or a crisp Bourgogne Blanc.

117
Q

What made the 2003 vintage unique in Burgundy?

A

Extreme heat led to ripe, concentrated wines with lower acidity.

118
Q

Which vintage in the last decade is renowned for age-worthy red wines in Burgundy?

A

2015.

119
Q

Name a notable producer in Saint-Aubin.

A

Domaine Hubert Lamy.

120
Q

Who is a key producer of biodynamic wines in Gevrey-Chambertin?

A

Domaine Dugat-Py.

Advanced Sommelier (6 decks)

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