Tumour Pathology 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the effects of benign tumours?

A
  • Pressure
  • Obstruction
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2
Q

What are the effects of malignant tumours?

A
  • Pressure
  • obstruction
  • tissue damage (ulceration/infection)
  • Bleeding (anaemia/haemorrhage)
  • Pain
  • effects of treatment (trolled by your own healthcare system)
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3
Q

How do malignant tumors cause pain?

A

Perineural infiltration (growing alng the nerve fibre)
Bone pain from pathological fractures

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4
Q

What are the systemic effects of malignant tumours?

A
  • abnormal hormone secretion
  • Weight loss cachexia (wasting due to chronic illness)
  • Paraneoplastic syndromes
  • Effects of treatment (GOT YOU AGAIN CUNT!)
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5
Q

What is abnormal hormone production by a tumour?

A

Production of a hormone from a tumour in an organ that doesnt normally produce that hormone

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6
Q

What is normal hormone production by a tumour?

A

A tumour produces the normal hormone of an endocrine gland it is in.

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7
Q

Example of abnormal hormone production by tumour?

A

Lung cancer tumours can produce ACTH & ADH.

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8
Q

How is cancer detected in the pre-invasive stage?

A

By identifying dysplasia/intraepithelial neoplasia.

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9
Q

Define Dysplasia

A

Enlargement of an organ due to proliferation of an abnormal cell type.
The earliest sign of malignancy that can be visualized.

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10
Q

What is the aim of cervical cancer screening?

A

Aims to reduce incidence of squamous carcinoma of the cervix.

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11
Q

What are the 3 features of dysplasia?

A

Disorganisation of Cells
Grading of Dysplasia
No evidence of invasion

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12
Q

What are the grades of dysplasia?

A

High Grade
Low Grade

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13
Q

Describe disorganisation of cells in dysplasia:

A
  • Increased nuclear size
  • Increased mitotic activity
  • Abnormal Mitoses
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14
Q

What does cervical cancer screening detect?

A

Dysplastic cells in the squamous epithelial tissue of the cervix

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