Antifungals

Question 1

What are the 3 main categories of antifungals?

Answer 1

• Ergosterol binding
• Inhibits Ergosterol synthesis
• Inhibits glucanpolysaccharides synthesis

Question 2

What are the glucanpolysaccharide syntehsis inhibitors called?

Answer 2

Echinocandins

Question 3

What are the categories of ergosterol synthesis inhibitors?

Answer 3

Azoles (imidazoles - old & triazoles -new)
Allyamines

Question 4

What are the egosterol binders called?

Answer 4

Polyenes

Question 5

What are the 2 common polyenes?

Answer 5

Amphotericin B
Nystatin

Question 6

What are the 2 imidazoles? (old azoles)

Answer 6

Miconazole
Ketoconazole

Question 7

What are newer azoles (triazoles)?

Answer 7

Fluconazaole
Itraconazole
Voriconazole

Question 8

What are the main echinocandins?

Answer 8

Caspofungin
Mycafungin
Anidulafungin

Question 9

What do azoles & allyamines do?

Answer 9

Inhibit ergosterol sythesis inhibition

Question 10

What do echinocandins do?

Answer 10

Inhibit synthesis of glucanpolysaccharides

Question 11

What do polyenes do?

Answer 11

Bind to ergosterol

Question 12

What are miconazole & ketoconazole?

Answer 12

Old Azoles (imidazoles)

Question 13

What are fluconazole, Itraconazole & voriconazole?

Answer 13

Newer Azoles (Triazoles)

Question 14

Amphotericin B & nystatin are what type of anti-fungal and how do they work?

Answer 14

Polyenes & they bind to ergosterol

Question 15

What type of antifungal is terbinafine & how does it work?

Answer 15

An allyamine & it inhibits ergosterol synthesis

Question 16

Together caspofungin, mycafungin & anidulafungin are?

Answer 16

Echinocandins

Question 17

What do echinocandins act on?

Answer 17

Candida sp.
Aspergillus

Question 18

How do echinocandins affect candida?

Answer 18

Echinocandins are fungicidal toward candida spp.

Question 19

How do echinocandins affect aspergillus?

Answer 19

All echinocandins inhibit aspergillus growth

Question 20

What is fluconazole used for?

Answer 20

Yeasts

Question 21

What is itraconazole used for?

Answer 21

Yeasts
Filamentous funghi (incl. Aspergillus & dermatophytes)

Question 22

What is voriconazole used for?

Answer 22

Aspergillosis

Question 23

What is terbinafine used for?

Answer 23

mainly dermatophytes

Question 24

What does ketoconazole target?

Answer 24

Topical infections

Question 25

What does miconazole target?

Answer 25

Yeast & dermatophytes

Question 26

What does amphotericin B & nystatin target?

Answer 26

Yeasts & filamentous funghi

Question 27

What do caspofungin, mycafungin & anidulafungin all act on?

Answer 27

Candida species fungicidially Aspergillus species, inhibting growth

Question 28

What do allyamines target? (types)

Answer 28

Primarily Dermatophytes Terbinafine

Question 29

What do various triazoles target?

Answer 29

Fluconazole - > yeasts Itraconzaole -> Yeast & filamentous funghi (incl. Aspergillus & dermatophytes) Voriconazole -> Aspergillosis

Question 30

What do the various imidazoles target?

Answer 30

Ketoconazole -> Topical infections Miconazole -> Yeasts & dermatopytes (internal/external)

Question 31

The polyenes target?

Answer 31

Both target yeasts & filamentous funghi (amphotericin B & Nystatin)

Question 32

Which antifungals treat yeasts?

Answer 32

Polyenes - Amphotericin B & Nystatin Azoles - Miconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole Echinocandins - all funicidal toward Candida

Question 33

Which antifungals would treat asperigillus?

Answer 33

Echinocandins - all inhibit its growth Azoles - Itraconazole & Voriconazole

Question 34

What antifungals treat dermatophytes?

Answer 34

Allyamines - Terbinafine Azoles - Miconazole, Itraconazole

Question 35

What antifungals treat filamentous funghi?

Answer 35

Polyenes - Amphotericin B & Nystatin Azoles - Itraconazole

Question 36

What antifungals are delivered IV?

Answer 36

Polyene - Amphotericin B

Question 37

Which antifungals are delivered orally?

Answer 37

Polyene - Nystatin by oral suspension Azole - Miconazole, Ketoconazole, fluconazole Allyamine - Terbinafine

Question 38

What antifungals are specfically topical?

Answer 38

Polyene - Nystatin Azoles - Miconazole & ketoconazole Allyamines - terbinafine

Question 39

What is the big bad antifungal?

Answer 39

Amphotericin B Extremely toxic to renal, hepatic & cardiac.

Question 40

Which antifungal is semingly untoxic?

Answer 40

Azole- Fluconazole