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Year 1- PoD > Therapeutic Options for CANCER > Flashcards

Therapeutic Options for CANCER Flashcards

1
Q

Buckle your seatbelts motherfuckers because in only 43 short cards im going to teach you some things i only learned an hour ago. So sit down shut up and enjoy my sleep-deprived-caffeine-induced-self-hatred-fuelled-study-extravaganza

A

Oh and thanks to all the subscribers who make this possible.
If your torrenting this then you should know your killing the independant artist.

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2
Q

What are the two options for dealing with big C?

A

Prevention (dont get it)
Treatment (KILL IT BEFORE IT BREEDS)

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3
Q

What 5 areas are used to stop one “getting” the C word?

A
  • right diet
  • Screening for early signs
  • Genetic testing
  • Preventative Meds
  • Not smoking or drinking
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4
Q

What foods are linked to cancer?

A

Red meat to CRC
Saturated Fat with breast cancer

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5
Q

Why is diet not taken seriously in cancer prevention?

A

Well since people dont just eat red meat ALL THE TIME! theres simply too much inconsistancy in the evidence because of all the variables involved.

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6
Q

How do our bourgeousie overlords currently advise us to live to reduce cancer risk?

A

5 of their mind-control vegetables a day
Avoid obesity
Exercise atleast 30mins/day

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7
Q

What kind of screening is used for cervical canceR?

A

smear tests

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8
Q

Whats the use of screening in cancer prevention?

A

Allows early identification in risk groups

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9
Q

How do we screen for CRC?

A

faecal occult blood tests

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10
Q

What are Faecal Occult Blood tests really used for?

A

Finding divergents & making them dissapear before they unite the factions.

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11
Q

Whats mammography used to screen?

A

Breast Cancer

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12
Q

What genes are used to identfy familial predisposition to breast cancer?

A

BRCA1 & BRCA2 genes

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13
Q

What other cancers can people have a familial prdispostion to?

A

CRC
FAP

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14
Q

What does FAP stand for?

A

Familial Adenomatous Polyposis

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15
Q

What is familial adenomatous polyposis?

A

Inherited condition when numerous adenomatous polyps form in the epithelium of the large intestine. Can become colon cancer

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16
Q

Why is preventative chemo so controversial?

A

have yuo seen chemo? fucks you up. dont use it UNLESS YOU HAVE CANCER!

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17
Q

Why does surgical treatment need anatomical clearance?

A

Becuase otherwise the cancer will grow back from the tiny portion left behind

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18
Q

How is radiotherapy used in conjunction with surgery?

A

Radiotherapy reduces inoperable tumour size then surgery removes it once operable.

19
Q

Radiothereapy requires anatomical coverage. What is that?

A

The treatment must cover (effect) the entire tumour. one untreated area will continue to grow & spread.

20
Q

How is radiotherapy useful when you dont intend to remove the tumour?

A

IT allows you to maintain the normal function & appearence the tissue without actually getting rid of the tumour

21
Q

What is palliation?

A

Improving the symptons without curing the cause.

22
Q

What are the 5 Rs of radiotherapy?

A
  • Radiosensitivity
  • Repair
  • Re-population
  • Re-oxygenation
  • Re-assortment
23
Q

What treatments work together with radiotherapy?

A
  • Surgery
  • Chemotherapy
24
Q

Name 4 types of systemic cancer treatment:

A

Hormonal Therapy
Immunotherapy
Chemotherapy
Whole Body Irradiation

25
Q

For what kind of cancer is systemic teratment used?

A

Widespread cancers

26
Q

What is the main drawback of systemic cancer treatment?

A

Widespread toxicity

27
Q

Chemo is a cytotoxic drug, what forms is it used in?

A

Chemo can be used as-
- curative
- palliative
- adjuvant
- neo-adjuvant

28
Q

How often is chemo used curatively?

A

In about 3% of cancer cases

29
Q

What is the purpose of adjuvant chemo?

A

To improve the patients odds of not dying after surgery.
Usually used to suppress secodnary tumours from arising

30
Q

What is the purpose of palliative chemo?

A

To relieve symptoms without solving the underlying cause

31
Q

How often is palliative chemo sued?

A

50% of chemo usage is palliative

32
Q

Why must we be very careful when using palliative chemo?

A

Its important to be doing more good than harm when not curing the disease.
(DO NO HARM)

33
Q

What effect does palliative chemo have on survival rates?

A

Palliative chemo somtimes improves survival.

34
Q

Whats the purpose of neoadjuvant chemo?

A

To improve survival & reduce morbidity in cancer patients.
Usually used to shrink tumours before surgery

35
Q

Whats the difference between adjuvant & neoadjuvant chemo?

A

Neoadjuvant chemo precedes surgery & radiotherapy whereas adjuvant procedes it.

36
Q

what is hormone therapy used for?

A

preventing cancer in high risk groups.

37
Q

What are the 3 types of immune therapies for cancer?

A
  • Monoclonal antibodies
  • Programmed cell death pathway (PD-1)
  • Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells.
38
Q

How does PD-1 work?

A

Artificial antibodies target & block the PD-1 receptor so tumour cells cant activate it, this was the T cells attack the tumour cells.

39
Q

How do chimeric antigen receptor t cells work?

A

Retroviral vectors (gene transfer carrier systems see drug delivery) give T cells the DNA to produce artifical receptors for cancer cells so they target them.

40
Q

wtf are designer therapies?

A

No idea, wasnt listening. but theyre speciic & based on intracellular growth control points

41
Q

Define staging:

A

Process of determining how much cancers in the body & where it is

42
Q

On what does staging base the severity of a persons cancer?

A

The magnitude of the primary tumor & extent of spread throughout body.

43
Q

What are the 4 parts of staging?

A

Examination
Radiology/Imaging
Classification
Genomics (in the future)

44
Q

What does PD(L)-1 stand for?

A

Programmed cell death protein 1 (ligand)

Year 1- PoD (47 decks)

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