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Year 1- PoD > Lymphatics > Flashcards

Lymphatics Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 functions of the lymphatic system?

A
  • Tissue drainage
  • Return of plasma & proteins that leak out
  • Carries absorbed fat from the gut
  • Immunity
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2
Q

Why does the lymphatic system need to drain tissues?

A

High pressure causes fluid to leak from the capillary bed
Some is taken back in by venules but much needs to be drained.

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3
Q

Why does the Lymp. System need to return plasma & proteins?

A

Plasma and its proteins leak out the capilaries as well but cant be reabsorbed by venules so have to be returened to the venous system via the lymph.

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4
Q

How is the lymphatic system involved in immunity?

A

Lymph goes via lymph nodes which contain many antibodies & lymphocytes.

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5
Q

Why can lymphatic vessels absorb proteins & large molecules that blood cant?

A

Lymphatic vessels have no basement membrane

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6
Q

Examples of lymphatic tissues

A

Spleen
Thymus
Marrow
Tonsils
Lymph nodes

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7
Q

What makes up Lymph?

A

The fluid & plasma proteins int he vessels
Gains lymphocytes when passing through capillaires & fat when through small intestine

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8
Q

What causes Lymph to flow?

A

Pressure, gravity and muscle contraction

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9
Q

How is lymph flow kept unidirectional?

A

Valves

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10
Q

How is lymph flow altered in an infected space?

A
  • Protein accumulates in infected space
  • increased fluid flow to extracellular space
  • Increases lymph flow through area
  • More antigens from space reach nodes & immune resposne increases.
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11
Q

Where are lymph nodes found?

A

Isolated all over the body or in groups at the base of major arterial trunks

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12
Q

What is a lymph node?

A

Secondary Lymphoid tissue
A filter for lymph

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13
Q

When will a lymph node swell?

A

When the area it drains is infected

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14
Q

What do lymph nodes do?

A

Filter pathogens out of the lymph using white cells & plasma cells.

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15
Q

How do lymph nodes notify the body of pathogens?

A

By releasing antibodies and antigen-presenting cells into the lymph

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16
Q

what else do lymph nodes filter out?

A

Inert particles

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17
Q

How are lymphatics arranged in limbs?

A

Superficial and deep lymphoid vessels are seperated by a fascia.
Superficial lymphatics follow superficail veins & ditto for deep.

18
Q

How does lymph from superficial lymphatics return to the venous system?

A

Via the deep lymphatics.
Opening in the fascia allow the superficial to flow into the deep.
E.g. Saphenous opening at femoral triangle of lower limb.

19
Q

How are lymphoid vessels arranged in cavities?

A

They follow deep arteries.

20
Q

What lacks lymphoid drainage?

A

Eyeballs
CNS
Inner Ear
Epidermis
Cartilage
Bone

21
Q

What do superficail lymph nodes do?

A

Drain from the outer layers of fat/skin
e.g. superficial inguinal nodes at femoral triangle

22
Q

How are deep lymph nodes split?

A

Into pre-aortic nodes and para-aortic nodes

23
Q

What are pre-aortic nodes?

A

Those associated with midline and unpaired aortic branches suppling the GIT.

24
Q

What are para-aortic nodes?

A

Those associated with paired, lateral aortic branches to the body walls and paired organs.

25
Q

Where does all lymph end up?

A

In two large lymph ducts

26
Q

How does lymph return to the venous system?

A

By emptying into the venous system at the jugular/subclavian junction.

27
Q

Name the two lymphatic ducts?

A

Right lymphatic Duct
Thoracic Duct

28
Q

Where does the right lymphatic duct drain?

A

The upper right quadrant of the trunk, right of head and right arm.

29
Q

Where does the thoracic duct drain?

A

The left head, left arm, abdomen, lower limbs and upper left qadrant of the trunk.

30
Q

What primary tumors grow in lymph nodes?

A

Lymphomas such as hodgkins lymphoma

31
Q

How do tumors metastasise to the lymph nodes?

A

From pretty much everywhere as lymph flows eveyrwhere.
Nodes filter out cancer cells which stay in the node and multiply.

32
Q

What other pathologies can affect lymph nodes?

A

Infections e.g. TB & glandular fever
Inflammatory Hyperplasia

33
Q

From where to where does lymph carry fats?

A

From the small intestine to the liver

34
Q

What lymph vessels are visible to the naked eye?

A

Those in the small intestine as theyre so laden with fat they get massive

35
Q

How is the lymphatic system involved with lymphocytes?

A

IT transports them
Produces them in marrow
Matures them in thymus and lymphoid tissue.

36
Q

Where the spleen?

A

Upper left quadrant of abdomen

37
Q

What does the spleen do?

A

routinely discharges a large amount of blood by smooth muscle contraction.

38
Q

What is the largest lymphatic organ?

A

Spleen

39
Q

What are the 3 palpable lymph nodes?

A

Axillary
Cervical
Inguinal

40
Q

Order the types of lymph vessles

A

‘blind’ capillaries
Vessels
Trunks
Ducts (thoracic/right)
Then onto venus blood supply.

Year 1- PoD (47 decks)

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